References
- Ahmad, A., Hussan, S., & Malik, M. S. (2018). An overview of English language as a window of economic opportunity in Pakistan. Review of Economic and Development Studies, 4(2), 281-291.
- Ahmad, A. (2016). Role of English in Afghan language policy planning with its impact on national integration (2001-2010). (Ph.D.), University of Peshawar, Peshawar.
- Ahmad, A., & Khan, A. (2016a). Provincial autonomy and devolution of language policy in Pakistan: Retrospect and prospect. Dialogue, 12(4), 361-378.
- Ahmad, A., & Khan, A. (2016b). Integration through language in the Pak-Afghan borderland: The interplay of past legacies, present realities and future scenarios. Central Asia Journal, 79(winter), 33-51.
- Baumgardner, R. J. (Ed.). (1996). South Asian English: Structure, use, and users. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
- Blommaert, J.,Recensie, & Wright (ed.) 1995: 'Languages in contact and conflict: contrasting experiences in the Netherlands and Belgium'. Language in Society 26/4 (1997): 606-608.
- Bloomfield, L. (1984 [1933]). Language (revised by F.C. Hockett ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
- Chomsky, N. (1957). Verbal Behavior by B.F. Skinner. Language. 35(1). 26-58
- Das Gupta, J. (1970). Language conflict and national development: Group politics and national language policy in India. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- De-Saussure, F. ((1959[1915)). Course in general linguistics (W. Baskin, Trans. C. Bally & A. Sechehaye Eds.). Los Angeles: The University of California.
- Ethnologue. (2018). The Map of Pakistan. Retrieved from https://www.sil.org
- Ferguson, G. (2006). Language planning and education. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
- Fishman, J. A. (2008). Research methods in language and education. In K. A. King & N. H. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education (Vol. 10, pp. 3-14). London: Springer.
- Fishman, J., A. (2006a). Do not leave your language alone: The hidden status agendas within corpus planning in language policy. Mahwah (New Jersey): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
- Fishman, J. A. (2006b). Sociolinguistics: More power(s) to you! on the explicit study of power in sociolinguistic research. In M. Putz, J. A. Fishman & J. Neff-Van Aestselaer (Eds.), 'Along the Routes to Power': Explorations of Empowerment through Language. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Fishman, J. A. (1999a). Sociolinguistics. In J. A. Fishman (Ed.), Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity (pp. 152-163). New York. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Fishman, J. A. (Ed.). (1999b). Handbook of language and ethnic identity. New York. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Fishman, J. A. (1991). Reversing language shift. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
- Fishman, J. A. (1989). Language and ethnicity in minority sociolinguistic perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
- Fishman, J. A. (1965). Who speaks what language to whom and when? La Linguistique, 1(3), 67-88.
- Fishman, J. A., Ferguson, C. A., & Dasgupta, J. (1968). Language problems of developing nations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Government of Pakistan. (2017). National Education Policy. Islamabad Govt. of Pakistan.
- Hult, F., M., & Johnson, D. C. (Eds.). (2015). Research Methods in Language Policy and Planning: A Practical Guide. West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell.
- Khan, Z. J. (2004). Language Policy in Pakistan. In S. Mansoor, S. Meraj& A. Tahir (Eds.), Language Policy Planning & Practice: A Southasianperspective (pp. 23-26). Karachi: Aga Khan University/ Oxford University Press.
- Labov, W. (2006[1966]). The social stratification of English in New York City. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. London: Oxford University Press.
- Lewis, M. P., & Simons, G. F. (2010). Assessing Endangerment: Expanding Fishman's GIDS. Revue Roumaine de Linguistique, 55(2), 103-120.
- Mansoor, S. (Ed.). (2004). Language policy planning & practice: A Southasianperspective. Karachi: Aga Khan University/ Oxford University Press.
- Mahmood, S. (1895). A History of English Education in India: Its rise development, progress, present condition, and prospects being a narrative of the various phases of Educational policy and measures adopted under the British Rule from its beginning to the present period, (1781-1893). Calcutta: M A O College Aligarh.
- Malinowski, B. (1944).A scientific theory of culture and other Essays. Chapel Hill, N. Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press.
- Nelde, P. H. (1987). Language contact means language conflict. In G. MacEoin, A. Ahlquist& D. Ohaodha (Eds.), 3rd International Conference on minority languages. General Papers. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
- Nekvapil, J., & Sherman, T. (2015). An introduction: Language Management Theory in Language Policy and Planning. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2015(232), 1-12.
- Rahman, T. (2008). Language Policy and Education in Pakistan. In S. May & N. H.Hornberger(Eds.), Encyclopaedia of Language and Education (2nd ed., Vol. 1). New York: Springer.
- Rahman, T. (1996) The history of the Urdu-English controversy. Vol. 311. Islamabad: National Language Authority (Government of Pakistan).
- Rahman, T. (1990). Pakistani English. Retrieved from http://www.tariqrahman.net/content/pakenglish.pdf
- Rahman, T. (1995). Pashto language and identity formation in Pakistan. Contemporary South Asia, 4(2), 151- 170.
- Schiffman, H. F. (2012). Language policy and language conflict in Afghanistan and its neighbors: the changing politics of language choice. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
- Schiffman, H. F. (1999). South and Southeast Asia. In J. A. Fishman (Ed.), Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity (pp. 431-443). New York. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Schiffman, H. F. (1996). Linguistic culture and language policy. New York: Routledge
- Schumann, J. H. (1978). The Pidgniziation process: A model for second language acquisition. California, CA: Newbury House Publisher.
- Siddiqui, S. (2013). Language, gender, and power: The politics of representation and hegemony in South Asia. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press.
- Simons, G. F., &Fennig, C. D. (Eds.). (2018). Ethnologue: Languages of Pakistan (21st Edition ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- Skinner, B.F. (1948). Verbal Behavior. USA: Harvard University Press.
- Spolsky, B. (2004). Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Voloshinov, V. N. (1973 [1930]). Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. New York London: Seminar Press.
- Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in contact: Findings and problems. The Hague: Mouton Publishers.
- Ahmad, A., Hussan, S., & Malik, M. S. (2018). An overview of English language as a window of economic opportunity in Pakistan. Review of Economic and Development Studies, 4(2), 281-291.
- Ahmad, A. (2016). Role of English in Afghan language policy planning with its impact on national integration (2001-2010). (Ph.D.), University of Peshawar, Peshawar.
- Ahmad, A., & Khan, A. (2016a). Provincial autonomy and devolution of language policy in Pakistan: Retrospect and prospect. Dialogue, 12(4), 361-378.
- Ahmad, A., & Khan, A. (2016b). Integration through language in the Pak-Afghan borderland: The interplay of past legacies, present realities and future scenarios. Central Asia Journal, 79(winter), 33-51.
- Baumgardner, R. J. (Ed.). (1996). South Asian English: Structure, use, and users. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
- Blommaert, J.,Recensie, & Wright (ed.) 1995: 'Languages in contact and conflict: contrasting experiences in the Netherlands and Belgium'. Language in Society 26/4 (1997): 606-608.
- Bloomfield, L. (1984 [1933]). Language (revised by F.C. Hockett ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
- Chomsky, N. (1957). Verbal Behavior by B.F. Skinner. Language. 35(1). 26-58
- Das Gupta, J. (1970). Language conflict and national development: Group politics and national language policy in India. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- De-Saussure, F. ((1959[1915)). Course in general linguistics (W. Baskin, Trans. C. Bally & A. Sechehaye Eds.). Los Angeles: The University of California.
- Ethnologue. (2018). The Map of Pakistan. Retrieved from https://www.sil.org
- Ferguson, G. (2006). Language planning and education. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
- Fishman, J. A. (2008). Research methods in language and education. In K. A. King & N. H. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education (Vol. 10, pp. 3-14). London: Springer.
- Fishman, J., A. (2006a). Do not leave your language alone: The hidden status agendas within corpus planning in language policy. Mahwah (New Jersey): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
- Fishman, J. A. (2006b). Sociolinguistics: More power(s) to you! on the explicit study of power in sociolinguistic research. In M. Putz, J. A. Fishman & J. Neff-Van Aestselaer (Eds.), 'Along the Routes to Power': Explorations of Empowerment through Language. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Fishman, J. A. (1999a). Sociolinguistics. In J. A. Fishman (Ed.), Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity (pp. 152-163). New York. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Fishman, J. A. (Ed.). (1999b). Handbook of language and ethnic identity. New York. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Fishman, J. A. (1991). Reversing language shift. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
- Fishman, J. A. (1989). Language and ethnicity in minority sociolinguistic perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
- Fishman, J. A. (1965). Who speaks what language to whom and when? La Linguistique, 1(3), 67-88.
- Fishman, J. A., Ferguson, C. A., & Dasgupta, J. (1968). Language problems of developing nations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Government of Pakistan. (2017). National Education Policy. Islamabad Govt. of Pakistan.
- Hult, F., M., & Johnson, D. C. (Eds.). (2015). Research Methods in Language Policy and Planning: A Practical Guide. West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell.
- Khan, Z. J. (2004). Language Policy in Pakistan. In S. Mansoor, S. Meraj& A. Tahir (Eds.), Language Policy Planning & Practice: A Southasianperspective (pp. 23-26). Karachi: Aga Khan University/ Oxford University Press.
- Labov, W. (2006[1966]). The social stratification of English in New York City. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. London: Oxford University Press.
- Lewis, M. P., & Simons, G. F. (2010). Assessing Endangerment: Expanding Fishman's GIDS. Revue Roumaine de Linguistique, 55(2), 103-120.
- Mansoor, S. (Ed.). (2004). Language policy planning & practice: A Southasianperspective. Karachi: Aga Khan University/ Oxford University Press.
- Mahmood, S. (1895). A History of English Education in India: Its rise development, progress, present condition, and prospects being a narrative of the various phases of Educational policy and measures adopted under the British Rule from its beginning to the present period, (1781-1893). Calcutta: M A O College Aligarh.
- Malinowski, B. (1944).A scientific theory of culture and other Essays. Chapel Hill, N. Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press.
- Nelde, P. H. (1987). Language contact means language conflict. In G. MacEoin, A. Ahlquist& D. Ohaodha (Eds.), 3rd International Conference on minority languages. General Papers. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
- Nekvapil, J., & Sherman, T. (2015). An introduction: Language Management Theory in Language Policy and Planning. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2015(232), 1-12.
- Rahman, T. (2008). Language Policy and Education in Pakistan. In S. May & N. H.Hornberger(Eds.), Encyclopaedia of Language and Education (2nd ed., Vol. 1). New York: Springer.
- Rahman, T. (1996) The history of the Urdu-English controversy. Vol. 311. Islamabad: National Language Authority (Government of Pakistan).
- Rahman, T. (1990). Pakistani English. Retrieved from http://www.tariqrahman.net/content/pakenglish.pdf
- Rahman, T. (1995). Pashto language and identity formation in Pakistan. Contemporary South Asia, 4(2), 151- 170.
- Schiffman, H. F. (2012). Language policy and language conflict in Afghanistan and its neighbors: the changing politics of language choice. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
- Schiffman, H. F. (1999). South and Southeast Asia. In J. A. Fishman (Ed.), Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity (pp. 431-443). New York. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Schiffman, H. F. (1996). Linguistic culture and language policy. New York: Routledge
- Schumann, J. H. (1978). The Pidgniziation process: A model for second language acquisition. California, CA: Newbury House Publisher.
- Siddiqui, S. (2013). Language, gender, and power: The politics of representation and hegemony in South Asia. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press.
- Simons, G. F., &Fennig, C. D. (Eds.). (2018). Ethnologue: Languages of Pakistan (21st Edition ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- Skinner, B.F. (1948). Verbal Behavior. USA: Harvard University Press.
- Spolsky, B. (2004). Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Voloshinov, V. N. (1973 [1930]). Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. New York London: Seminar Press.
- Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in contact: Findings and problems. The Hague: Mouton Publishers.
Cite this article
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APA : Ahmad, A., Iqbal, L., & Ullah, I. (2020). English Language in Pakistan: A Policy Analysis of Past and Present of Linguistic Contact with Urdu and Pashto. Global Political Review, V(II), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-II).08
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CHICAGO : Ahmad, Ayaz, Liaqat Iqbal, and Irfan Ullah. 2020. "English Language in Pakistan: A Policy Analysis of Past and Present of Linguistic Contact with Urdu and Pashto." Global Political Review, V (II): 77-86 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2020(V-II).08
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HARVARD : AHMAD, A., IQBAL, L. & ULLAH, I. 2020. English Language in Pakistan: A Policy Analysis of Past and Present of Linguistic Contact with Urdu and Pashto. Global Political Review, V, 77-86.
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MHRA : Ahmad, Ayaz, Liaqat Iqbal, and Irfan Ullah. 2020. "English Language in Pakistan: A Policy Analysis of Past and Present of Linguistic Contact with Urdu and Pashto." Global Political Review, V: 77-86
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MLA : Ahmad, Ayaz, Liaqat Iqbal, and Irfan Ullah. "English Language in Pakistan: A Policy Analysis of Past and Present of Linguistic Contact with Urdu and Pashto." Global Political Review, V.II (2020): 77-86 Print.
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OXFORD : Ahmad, Ayaz, Iqbal, Liaqat, and Ullah, Irfan (2020), "English Language in Pakistan: A Policy Analysis of Past and Present of Linguistic Contact with Urdu and Pashto", Global Political Review, V (II), 77-86
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TURABIAN : Ahmad, Ayaz, Liaqat Iqbal, and Irfan Ullah. "English Language in Pakistan: A Policy Analysis of Past and Present of Linguistic Contact with Urdu and Pashto." Global Political Review V, no. II (2020): 77-86. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-II).08