MOTHERS ROLE AND PERCEPTION IN DEVELOPING GENDER DISCRIMINATION

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(IV-II).03      10.31703/gpr.2019(IV-II).03      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : AnjumBanoKazimi , MuhammadAliShaikh , StephenJohn

03 Pages : 20-32

References

  • Anjum, G., Kamal, A., & Bilwani, S. (2019). Antecedents of gender gap in workforce participation: A phenomenology of psychologists and medical doctors in urban Pakistan. Journal of Human Behavior in The Social Environment, 29(2), 282-299
  • Bayeh, E. (2016). The role of empowering women and achieving gender equality to the sustainable development of Ethiopia. Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 37-42.
  • Best, D. L, & Williams, J. E. (2001). Gender and Culture. In D Matsumoto (ED). The handbook of Culture and Psychology, 159-212.
  • Bayeh, E. (2015). Human Rights in Ethiopia: An Assessment on the Law and Practice of Women's Rights. Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 83-87
  • Bartholomeu, D., Montiel, J. M., Fiamenghi Jr, G. A., & Machado, A. A. (2016). Predictive power of parenting styles on children's social skills: A Brazilian sample. Sage Open, 6(2), 2158244016638393
  • Barcellos, S. H., Carvalho, L. S., & Lleras-Muney, A. (2014). Child gender and parental investments in India: Are boys and girls treated differently? American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 6(1), 157-89.
  • Baumgardner, M., & Boyatzis, C. J. (2018). The Role of Parental Psychological Control and Warmth in College Students' Relational Aggression and Friendship Quality. Emerging adulthood, 6(1), 72-76
  • Bharadwaj, P., & Lakdawala, L. K. (2013). Discrimination begins in the womb: Evidence of sex-selective prenatal investments. Journal of Human Resources, 48(1), 71-113.
  • Chen, L. C., Huq, E., & d'Souza, S. (1981). Sex bias in the family allocation of food and health care in rural Bangladesh. Population and development review, 55-70
  • Clarke, K. (2011). The paradoxical approach to intimate partner violence in Finland. International Perspectives in Victimology, 6(1), 9-19
  • Chaudhry, I.S. (2007). Impact of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Growth: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. The Pakistan Horizon, 60(4)
  • Devasia, L., & Devasia, V. V. (1994). Empowering women for sustainable development. Ashish Publishing House.
  • Dennis, M. L., Neece, C. L., & Fenning, R. M. (2018). Investigating the influence of parenting stress on child behavior problems in children with developmental delay: The role of parent-child relational factors. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2(2), 129-141.
  • Duflo, E. (2005). Gender equality in development. BREAD Policy Paper, 11(4).
  • Davids, E. L., Roman, N. V., & Leach, L. (2017). The link between parenting approaches and health behavior: a systematic review. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 27(6), 589- 608.
  • Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological bulletin, 113(3), 487.
  • Fagot, B. I. & Hagan, R. (1991). Observations of parent reactions to sex stereotyped behaviors. Age and Sex effects, Child Development.62, 717-628.
  • Gupta, M. D. (1987). Selective discrimination against female children in rural Punjab, India. Population and development review, 13(1), 77-100. Global Gender Gap Report (2018). Gender equality situation worst in Pakistan: WEF report.
  • Holzner, H., Neuhold, B., & Weiss-Gänger, A. (2010). Gender equality and Empowerment of Women Policy Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs, Directorate-General for Development Cooperation Austrian Development Agency. Gender and Development Unit document retrieved from https://www. entw i cklun g. at.
  • Jaggers, J. W., Bolland, A. C., Tomek, S., Bolland, K. A., Hooper, L. M., Church, W. T., & Bolland, J. M. (2018). The longitudinal impact of distal, non-familial relationships on parental monitoring: implications for delinquent behavior. Youth & Society, 50(2), 160-182.
  • Jayachandran, S., & Kuziemko, I. (2011). Why do mothers breastfeed girls less than boys? Evidence and implications for child health in India. The Quarterly journal of economics, 126(3), 1485-1538.
  • Kidwell, R. E., Eddleston, K. A., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2018). Learning bad habits across generations: How negative imprints affect human resource management in the family firm. Human Resource Management Review, 28(1), 5-17.
  • Mikolajczak, M., Raes, M. E., Avalosse, H., & Roskam, I. (2018). Exhausted parents: sociodemographic, child-related, parent-related, parenting and family-functioning correlates of parental burnout. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(2), 602-614.
  • Marton. L. (2000). Cognitive theories of gender development. The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender. 91-121.
  • Miller, J. M., DiIorio, C., & Dudley, W. (2002). Parenting style and adolescent's reaction to conflict: is there a relationship? Journal of adolescent health, 31(6), 463-468.
  • Murphy, K. (2012). The social pillar of sustainable development: a literature review and framework for policy analysis. Sustainability: Science, practice and policy, 8(1), 15-29.
  • Noureen, G. & Awan, R. (2011). Women's Education in Pakistan: Hidden Fences on Open Frontiers. Asian Social Science, 7(2).
  • Nasrullah, M.; Muazzam, S.; Bhutta, Z. A. & Raj, A. (2013). Girl Child Marriage and Its Effect on Fertility in Pakistan: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006-2007. Maternal and Child Health Journal: 1-10.
  • Niha, D. & Zoha, I. (2018). Express News the Express Tribune Tribune247 Live Urdu E-Paper English E- Paper Express Live. Sunday, 09 Sep 2018 Today's Paper Advertise HOME KARACHI
  • Olivari, M. G., Cuccì, G., Bonanomi, A., Tagliabue, S., & Confalonieri, E. (2018). Retrospective Paternal and Maternal Parenting Styles, Regulatory Self-Efficacy and Adolescent Risk Taking. Marriage & Family Review, 54(3), 282-295
  • Pande, R. P., & Astone, N. M. (2007). Explaining son preference in rural India: the independent role of structural versus individual factors. Population Research and Policy Review, 26(1), 1-29
  • Paulussen-Hoogeboom, M. C., Stams, G. J. J., Hermanns, J. M., Peetsma, T. T., & van den Wittenboer, G. L. (2008). Parenting style as a mediator between children's negative emotionality and problematic behavior in early childhood. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 169(3), 209-226
  • Pakistan UNDP (2016). Increasing Women's Access to Justice Women Dormitories at The Regional Training Centre
  • Pastorelli, C., Lansford, J. E., Luengo Kanacri, B. P., Malone, P. S., Di Giunta, L., Bacchini, D., ... & Tapanya, S. (2016). Positive parenting and children's prosocial behavior in eight countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(7), 824-834.
  • Patock-Peckham, J. A., Cheong, J., Balhorn, M. E., & Nagoshi, C. T. (2001). A social learning perspective: a model of parenting styles, self-regulation, perceived drinking control, and alcohol use and problems. Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research, 25(9), 1284-1292
  • Quimby, J. L. (2006). The Influence of Role Models on Women Career Choices. The career Development Quarterly, 54, 297-306
  • Roos, P. A., & Gatta, M. L. (2009). Gender (in)equity in the academy: Subtle mechanisms and thproduction of inequal-ity. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 27 ,177-200.
  • Ranganath, K. A., Smith, C. T., & Nosek, B. A. (2008). Distinguishing automatic and controlled components of attitudes from directand indirect measurement methods. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 386- 396.
  • Rapee, R. M. (1997). Potential role of childrearing practices in the development of anxiety and depression. Clinical psychology review, 17(1), 47-67.
  • Rios, D., Stewart, A., & Winter, D. (2010). Thinking she could be the next president: Why identifying with the curriculum matters. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34,328-338.
  • Rahimpour, P., Direkvand-Moghadam, A., Direkvand-Moghadam, A., & Hashemian, A. (2015). Relationship Between the Parenting Styles and Students' Educational Performance Among Iranian Girl High School Students, A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 9(12), JC05
  • Shafer, K., Fielding, B., & Wendt, D. (2017). Similarities and differences in the influence of paternal and maternal depression on adolescent well-being. Social Work Research, 41(2), 85-96
  • Scharf, M., Rousseau, S., & Bsoul, S. (2017). Over parenting and young adults' interpersonal sensitivity: Cultural and parental gender-related diversity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(5), 1356- 1364.
  • Sikiö, R., Siekkinen, M., Holopainen, L., Silinskas, G., Lerkkanen, M. K., & Nurmi, J. E. (2018). Maternal parenting styles, homework help, and children's literacy development in language minority and Finnish-speaking families. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 33(2), 235-250.
  • Suzuki, K., Kita, Y., Kaga, M., Takehara, K., Misago, C., & Inagaki, M. (2016). The association between children's Behavior and Parenting of caregivers: a longitudinal study in Japan. Frontiers in public health, 4, 17
  • Stange, Mary Zeiss, and Carol K. Oyster, Jane E. Sloan (2011). Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World, 1, 496-564.
  • , 496-564. Tobach, E. & Esther, D. (2010). Gender Equality in Development. MIT Working Paper, 12th National Convention on Statistics, (NCS) EDSA.
  • Tavassolie, T., Dudding, S., Madigan, A. L., Thorvardarson, E., & Winsler, A. (2016). Differences in perceived parenting style between mothers and fathers: Implications for child outcomes and marital conflict. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(6), 2055-2068.
  • Uji, M., Sakamoto, A., Adachi, K., & Kitamura, T. (2014). The impact of authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles on children's later mental health in Japan: Focusing on parent and child gender. Journal of child and family studies, 23(2), 293-302.
  • Van Dijk, R., Deković, M., Bunte, T. L., Schoemaker, K., Zondervan-Zwijnenburg, M., Espy, K. A., & Matthys, W. (2017). Mother-child interactions and externalizing behavior problems in preschoolers over time: Inhibitory control as a mediator. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 45(8), 1503-1517.
  • NDP, (2010), Statement on Gender in Pakistan. Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/World report on violence and health: summary (2002). World Health Organization. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/summary_en.pdf
  • Wang, Y., Wang, M., & Xing, X. (2018). Parental harsh discipline and child emotion regulation: The moderating role of parental warmth in China. Children and Youth Services Review, 93(C), 283- 290.
  • Young, D. M., Rudman, L. A., Buettner, H. M., & McLean, M. C. (2013). The influence of female role models on women's implicit science cognitions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 37(3), 283-292.

References

  • Anjum, G., Kamal, A., & Bilwani, S. (2019). Antecedents of gender gap in workforce participation: A phenomenology of psychologists and medical doctors in urban Pakistan. Journal of Human Behavior in The Social Environment, 29(2), 282-299
  • Bayeh, E. (2016). The role of empowering women and achieving gender equality to the sustainable development of Ethiopia. Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 37-42.
  • Best, D. L, & Williams, J. E. (2001). Gender and Culture. In D Matsumoto (ED). The handbook of Culture and Psychology, 159-212.
  • Bayeh, E. (2015). Human Rights in Ethiopia: An Assessment on the Law and Practice of Women's Rights. Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 83-87
  • Bartholomeu, D., Montiel, J. M., Fiamenghi Jr, G. A., & Machado, A. A. (2016). Predictive power of parenting styles on children's social skills: A Brazilian sample. Sage Open, 6(2), 2158244016638393
  • Barcellos, S. H., Carvalho, L. S., & Lleras-Muney, A. (2014). Child gender and parental investments in India: Are boys and girls treated differently? American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 6(1), 157-89.
  • Baumgardner, M., & Boyatzis, C. J. (2018). The Role of Parental Psychological Control and Warmth in College Students' Relational Aggression and Friendship Quality. Emerging adulthood, 6(1), 72-76
  • Bharadwaj, P., & Lakdawala, L. K. (2013). Discrimination begins in the womb: Evidence of sex-selective prenatal investments. Journal of Human Resources, 48(1), 71-113.
  • Chen, L. C., Huq, E., & d'Souza, S. (1981). Sex bias in the family allocation of food and health care in rural Bangladesh. Population and development review, 55-70
  • Clarke, K. (2011). The paradoxical approach to intimate partner violence in Finland. International Perspectives in Victimology, 6(1), 9-19
  • Chaudhry, I.S. (2007). Impact of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Growth: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. The Pakistan Horizon, 60(4)
  • Devasia, L., & Devasia, V. V. (1994). Empowering women for sustainable development. Ashish Publishing House.
  • Dennis, M. L., Neece, C. L., & Fenning, R. M. (2018). Investigating the influence of parenting stress on child behavior problems in children with developmental delay: The role of parent-child relational factors. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2(2), 129-141.
  • Duflo, E. (2005). Gender equality in development. BREAD Policy Paper, 11(4).
  • Davids, E. L., Roman, N. V., & Leach, L. (2017). The link between parenting approaches and health behavior: a systematic review. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 27(6), 589- 608.
  • Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological bulletin, 113(3), 487.
  • Fagot, B. I. & Hagan, R. (1991). Observations of parent reactions to sex stereotyped behaviors. Age and Sex effects, Child Development.62, 717-628.
  • Gupta, M. D. (1987). Selective discrimination against female children in rural Punjab, India. Population and development review, 13(1), 77-100. Global Gender Gap Report (2018). Gender equality situation worst in Pakistan: WEF report.
  • Holzner, H., Neuhold, B., & Weiss-Gänger, A. (2010). Gender equality and Empowerment of Women Policy Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs, Directorate-General for Development Cooperation Austrian Development Agency. Gender and Development Unit document retrieved from https://www. entw i cklun g. at.
  • Jaggers, J. W., Bolland, A. C., Tomek, S., Bolland, K. A., Hooper, L. M., Church, W. T., & Bolland, J. M. (2018). The longitudinal impact of distal, non-familial relationships on parental monitoring: implications for delinquent behavior. Youth & Society, 50(2), 160-182.
  • Jayachandran, S., & Kuziemko, I. (2011). Why do mothers breastfeed girls less than boys? Evidence and implications for child health in India. The Quarterly journal of economics, 126(3), 1485-1538.
  • Kidwell, R. E., Eddleston, K. A., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2018). Learning bad habits across generations: How negative imprints affect human resource management in the family firm. Human Resource Management Review, 28(1), 5-17.
  • Mikolajczak, M., Raes, M. E., Avalosse, H., & Roskam, I. (2018). Exhausted parents: sociodemographic, child-related, parent-related, parenting and family-functioning correlates of parental burnout. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(2), 602-614.
  • Marton. L. (2000). Cognitive theories of gender development. The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender. 91-121.
  • Miller, J. M., DiIorio, C., & Dudley, W. (2002). Parenting style and adolescent's reaction to conflict: is there a relationship? Journal of adolescent health, 31(6), 463-468.
  • Murphy, K. (2012). The social pillar of sustainable development: a literature review and framework for policy analysis. Sustainability: Science, practice and policy, 8(1), 15-29.
  • Noureen, G. & Awan, R. (2011). Women's Education in Pakistan: Hidden Fences on Open Frontiers. Asian Social Science, 7(2).
  • Nasrullah, M.; Muazzam, S.; Bhutta, Z. A. & Raj, A. (2013). Girl Child Marriage and Its Effect on Fertility in Pakistan: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006-2007. Maternal and Child Health Journal: 1-10.
  • Niha, D. & Zoha, I. (2018). Express News the Express Tribune Tribune247 Live Urdu E-Paper English E- Paper Express Live. Sunday, 09 Sep 2018 Today's Paper Advertise HOME KARACHI
  • Olivari, M. G., Cuccì, G., Bonanomi, A., Tagliabue, S., & Confalonieri, E. (2018). Retrospective Paternal and Maternal Parenting Styles, Regulatory Self-Efficacy and Adolescent Risk Taking. Marriage & Family Review, 54(3), 282-295
  • Pande, R. P., & Astone, N. M. (2007). Explaining son preference in rural India: the independent role of structural versus individual factors. Population Research and Policy Review, 26(1), 1-29
  • Paulussen-Hoogeboom, M. C., Stams, G. J. J., Hermanns, J. M., Peetsma, T. T., & van den Wittenboer, G. L. (2008). Parenting style as a mediator between children's negative emotionality and problematic behavior in early childhood. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 169(3), 209-226
  • Pakistan UNDP (2016). Increasing Women's Access to Justice Women Dormitories at The Regional Training Centre
  • Pastorelli, C., Lansford, J. E., Luengo Kanacri, B. P., Malone, P. S., Di Giunta, L., Bacchini, D., ... & Tapanya, S. (2016). Positive parenting and children's prosocial behavior in eight countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(7), 824-834.
  • Patock-Peckham, J. A., Cheong, J., Balhorn, M. E., & Nagoshi, C. T. (2001). A social learning perspective: a model of parenting styles, self-regulation, perceived drinking control, and alcohol use and problems. Alcoholism: clinical and experimental research, 25(9), 1284-1292
  • Quimby, J. L. (2006). The Influence of Role Models on Women Career Choices. The career Development Quarterly, 54, 297-306
  • Roos, P. A., & Gatta, M. L. (2009). Gender (in)equity in the academy: Subtle mechanisms and thproduction of inequal-ity. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 27 ,177-200.
  • Ranganath, K. A., Smith, C. T., & Nosek, B. A. (2008). Distinguishing automatic and controlled components of attitudes from directand indirect measurement methods. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 386- 396.
  • Rapee, R. M. (1997). Potential role of childrearing practices in the development of anxiety and depression. Clinical psychology review, 17(1), 47-67.
  • Rios, D., Stewart, A., & Winter, D. (2010). Thinking she could be the next president: Why identifying with the curriculum matters. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34,328-338.
  • Rahimpour, P., Direkvand-Moghadam, A., Direkvand-Moghadam, A., & Hashemian, A. (2015). Relationship Between the Parenting Styles and Students' Educational Performance Among Iranian Girl High School Students, A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 9(12), JC05
  • Shafer, K., Fielding, B., & Wendt, D. (2017). Similarities and differences in the influence of paternal and maternal depression on adolescent well-being. Social Work Research, 41(2), 85-96
  • Scharf, M., Rousseau, S., & Bsoul, S. (2017). Over parenting and young adults' interpersonal sensitivity: Cultural and parental gender-related diversity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(5), 1356- 1364.
  • Sikiö, R., Siekkinen, M., Holopainen, L., Silinskas, G., Lerkkanen, M. K., & Nurmi, J. E. (2018). Maternal parenting styles, homework help, and children's literacy development in language minority and Finnish-speaking families. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 33(2), 235-250.
  • Suzuki, K., Kita, Y., Kaga, M., Takehara, K., Misago, C., & Inagaki, M. (2016). The association between children's Behavior and Parenting of caregivers: a longitudinal study in Japan. Frontiers in public health, 4, 17
  • Stange, Mary Zeiss, and Carol K. Oyster, Jane E. Sloan (2011). Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World, 1, 496-564.
  • , 496-564. Tobach, E. & Esther, D. (2010). Gender Equality in Development. MIT Working Paper, 12th National Convention on Statistics, (NCS) EDSA.
  • Tavassolie, T., Dudding, S., Madigan, A. L., Thorvardarson, E., & Winsler, A. (2016). Differences in perceived parenting style between mothers and fathers: Implications for child outcomes and marital conflict. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(6), 2055-2068.
  • Uji, M., Sakamoto, A., Adachi, K., & Kitamura, T. (2014). The impact of authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles on children's later mental health in Japan: Focusing on parent and child gender. Journal of child and family studies, 23(2), 293-302.
  • Van Dijk, R., Deković, M., Bunte, T. L., Schoemaker, K., Zondervan-Zwijnenburg, M., Espy, K. A., & Matthys, W. (2017). Mother-child interactions and externalizing behavior problems in preschoolers over time: Inhibitory control as a mediator. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 45(8), 1503-1517.
  • NDP, (2010), Statement on Gender in Pakistan. Retrieved from: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/World report on violence and health: summary (2002). World Health Organization. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/summary_en.pdf
  • Wang, Y., Wang, M., & Xing, X. (2018). Parental harsh discipline and child emotion regulation: The moderating role of parental warmth in China. Children and Youth Services Review, 93(C), 283- 290.
  • Young, D. M., Rudman, L. A., Buettner, H. M., & McLean, M. C. (2013). The influence of female role models on women's implicit science cognitions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 37(3), 283-292.

Cite this article

APA

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Kazimi, Anjum Bano, Muhammad Ali Shaikh, and Stephen John. 2019. "Mothers Role and Perception in Developing Gender Discrimination." Global Political Review, IV (II): 20-32 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2019(IV-II).03

HARVARD

    HARVARD : KAZIMI, A. B., SHAIKH, M. A. & JOHN, S. 2019. Mothers Role and Perception in Developing Gender Discrimination. Global Political Review, IV, 20-32.

MHRA

    MHRA : Kazimi, Anjum Bano, Muhammad Ali Shaikh, and Stephen John. 2019. "Mothers Role and Perception in Developing Gender Discrimination." Global Political Review, IV: 20-32

MLA

    MLA : Kazimi, Anjum Bano, Muhammad Ali Shaikh, and Stephen John. "Mothers Role and Perception in Developing Gender Discrimination." Global Political Review, IV.II (2019): 20-32 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Kazimi, Anjum Bano, Shaikh, Muhammad Ali, and John, Stephen (2019), "Mothers Role and Perception in Developing Gender Discrimination", Global Political Review, IV (II), 20-32

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Kazimi, Anjum Bano, Muhammad Ali Shaikh, and Stephen John. "Mothers Role and Perception in Developing Gender Discrimination." Global Political Review IV, no. II (2019): 20-32. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(IV-II).03