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- Pedram, Shiav.(2014, August 12).
- Phillips, C. (2015). Sectarianism and conflict in Syria. Third World Quarterly, Routledge, 357-376.
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- Selby, J. (2017). Climat change and the civil war revisited. Political Geography, 61.
- Staudenmeyer, F. (2014). The United Nation Security Council as a Platform for War by other means. Heinrich Boll Stiftung, North America, 14.
- Tabler, A. J. (2011). In the Lion's Den: An eyewitness account of Washington's battle with Syria. Chicago: Lawerence Hill Books/Chicago Review.
- Taylor, W. C. (2014). Military Responses to the Arab Uprisings and the Future of Civil-Military Relations in the Middle East. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
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- Trenin, D. (2012). Russia's Line in the Sand on Syria. Foreign Affairs
- Turkey and Iraq. Retrieved December 26, 2017, from US Department of State: Diplomacy in action website: https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/d/2016d/262583.htm
- United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/disasters-conflicts/whatwe-do/risk-reduction/climate-change-and-security-risks.
- US Department of State. (2016, September 29). Regional Impact of the Syria Conflict: Syria
- Waever, O. (1998). Securitization and Desecuritization. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Waltz, K. N. (2001). Man, the State and War. New York: Columia University Press. Young,Willaim D. S.- S. (2014). Spillover from the Conflict in Syria. california: RAND National Defense and Research Institute.
- World Bank. (2017, July 10). The Toll of War: The Economic and Social Consequences of the Conflict in Syria. The World Bank: http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/syria/publication/the-toll-of-warthe-economic-and-social-consequences-of-the-conflict-in-syria
- Zirulnich, A. (2011, April 29). Syria 101: 4 attributes of Assad's authoritarian regime. The Christian Science Monitor: https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2011/0429/Syria-101-4-attributes-ofAssad-s-authoritarian-regime/What-type-of-government-does-Syria-have
- Zubaida, S. (2014). Sectarian Dimension. The Middle East Journal, 318-322.
- Andy, Warner. (2013). http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history/2012/04/syrian_violence_was_the_cia_ involved_in_the_1949_coup_that_plunged_the_country_into_decades_of_turmoil_.html.
- A.Gerges, F. (2014). Obama and the Middle East: The end of America's moment? Cambridge University Press.
- Alaaldin, R. (2017, June 7). Syria today and the legacy of 1967 wat. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2017/06/07/syria-today-and-the-legacy-of-the-1967- war/
- Arab news. (2015, October 22). Qatar ready for military intervention in Syria. Arab news.com: http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/824016
- ARK GROUP DMCC. (2016). The Syrian conflict: A systems conflict analysis. Istanbul, Amman, and Dubai: ARK GROUP.
- Aziz, S. (2017). Emerging Security Dynamics in Syria: Role of Foreign Powers. CISS Insight: Quarterly News & Views, 13-50.
- Barry Buzan, O. W. (1998). A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
- Barry Buzan, O. W. (2003). Regions and Powers. Cambridge UK: Cambridge university press.
- BBC Monitoring Analysis. (2016, August 23). Turkey v Syria's Kurds v Islamic State. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-33690060
- BBC. (2013, October 17). Guide to the Syrian opposition. BBC News World Middle East: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-15798218
- BBC. (2015, December 1). Turkey's downing of Russian warplane-what we know. BBC news Middle East: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34912581
- BBC. (2015, October 30). Syria crisis: Where key countrieas stand. BBC news world Middle East: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-23849587
- BBC. (2017, December 12). Syria Profile-Timeline. BBC NEWS World Middle East: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14703995
- Bensahel, Daniel. (2004). The Future Security Environment in the Middle East: Conflict, Stability, and Political Change, Rand Corporation Press.
- Bērziņš, J. (2013). Civil War in Syria: Origins, Dynamics, and Possible Solutions. National Defence Academy of Latvia Center for Security and Strategic Research.
- Björn Rother, G. P. (2016). The Economic Impact of Conflicts and the Refugee Crisis in the Middle East and North Africa. International Monetary Fund.
- Buzan, B. (1983). People, states, and fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era. Brighton: Wheatsheaf book.
- Buzan, B. (1991). New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty-First Century. Royal Institute of International Affairs, 431-451.
- Buzan, B. (2006). The war on Terrorism as the new macro-securitization. Oslo Workshop Paper. Oslo: Paper presented in Oslo Workshop.
- Carla E. Humud, C. M. (2017). Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service.
- Chatham house. (2014). Syria's conflict and its impact on its neighbor. Middle East and North Africa program (pp. 1-2). Chatham House: The Royal institute of International Affairs.
- Clausewitz, C. V. (1984). On War. New Jersey: Princeton University press.
- Cordesman, A. H. (2016, January 14). Risk and Instability in the Middle East and North Africa. Center for Strategic & International Studies, pp. 1-32.
- Devarajan, S. (2017, August 21). The economic impact of Syrian conflict: Estimate it yourself. The World Bank.org: http://blogs.worldbank.org/arabvoices/economic-impact-syrian-conflict-estimate-ityourself
- Dickinson, E. (2013). Playing with fire: why private Gulf financing for Syria's extremist rebels risks igniting sectarian conflict at home. The Brooking project on the US realations with the Islamic world.
- Fildis, Ayse. (2011). Https://Onlinelibrary.Wiley.Com/Doi/Full/10.1111/J.1475-4967.2011.00515.X.
- Friedberg, A. L. (1993-4). Ripe for Rivalry: Prospect for peace in a multipolar Asia. International Security, 5- 33.
- Glass, C. (2015). BURNING SYRAI ISIS and the Death of the Arab Spring. New York and London: or books
- Gourvetich, P. (1978). The Second Image Reserved: The International Sources of Domestic Politics. The Univesity of Wisconsin Press Journals, 881-912.
- Gumusluogu, F. (2016, June 7). The GCC's Kurdish Conundrum. The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington.
- Hanauer, L. (2016). Israel interests and options in Syria. RAND Corporation, pp. 1-17.
- Hashemi, N. (2016). The ISIS Crisis and the Broken Politics of the Middle East. Henry Luce Foundation, 1- 17.
- Helle, M. (2013). Ambiguous Ending: Middle East Regional Security in the wake of the Arab Uprising and the Syrian Civil War. Copenhagen, Denmark: DIIS REPORT.
- Ibish, H. (2016). What's at stake for the Gulf Arab States in Syria. The Arab Gulf States Institute.
- Johnston, H. (2015). Theory, Method, and the Mechanism of Framing: Reflection on the Syrian Civil War and Palestinian Intifada. Civil Wars, 266-289.
- Kaufman, S. J. (2015). Modern Hatreds: New York: Cornell University Press.
- Khashanah, K. (2014). The Syrian Crises: a systemic framework. Contemporary Arab Affairs, 1-21.
- Lucy Rodgers, D. G. (2016, March 11). Syria: The story of the conflict. bbc.com: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26116868
- Lynch, M. (2015). Obama and the Middle East: Rightsizing the U.S Role. Foreign Affairs.
- Nabiha Bulos, L. K. (2017, September 2). Syria may be in ruins, but it looks like Assad ' has won the war militarily'. Los Angeles Times.
- Neep, D. Ashes of Hama: The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria. In R. Lefevre.
- News 24. (2013, August 27). The impact of Syrian conflict on neighboring states. My News 24: https://www.news24.com/MyNews24/The-impact-of-the-Syrian-conflict-on-neighbouringstates-20130827
- Orasm and Tesev. (2015). Effects of Syrian refugee on Turkey. Ankara: TURKEY Orasm and TESEV.
- Pantucci, A. B. (2016). Understanding Iran's Role in the Syrian Conflict. Royal United Services Institute.
- Pawlak, P. (2016). Conflict in Syria: Trigger factor and the EU response. European Research Service (ESPR).
- Pedram, Shiav.(2014, August 12).
- Phillips, C. (2015). Sectarianism and conflict in Syria. Third World Quarterly, Routledge, 357-376.
- Polk, W. R. (2013, December 10). Understanding Syria: From pre-civil war to post-Assad. The Atlantic: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/12/understanding-syria-from-pre-civilwar-to-post-assad/281989/
- Reuters staff. (2015, february 6). Behrain says ready to commit ground forces to Syria. Reuters world news: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-bahrain/bahrain-says-ready-to-commitground-forces-to-syria-idUSKCN0VE2H4
- Reuters Staff. (2015, October 26). Omani foreign minister meets Syria's Assad: state TV. Reuters world news: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-oman/omani-foreign-ministermeets-syrias-assad-state-tv-idUSKCN0SK1HJ20151026
- Rugh, B. (2017). Syria: The Hama Massacre. Middle East Policy Council.
- Schearf, D. (2017, June 23). Analysts: Russia's military threats mainly bluster, but conflict risk rising. VOA news: https://www.voanews.com/a/analysts-russia-military-threats-mainly-bluster-conflict-riskrising/3913524.html
- Selby, J. (2017). Climat change and the civil war revisited. Political Geography, 61.
- Staudenmeyer, F. (2014). The United Nation Security Council as a Platform for War by other means. Heinrich Boll Stiftung, North America, 14.
- Tabler, A. J. (2011). In the Lion's Den: An eyewitness account of Washington's battle with Syria. Chicago: Lawerence Hill Books/Chicago Review.
- Taylor, W. C. (2014). Military Responses to the Arab Uprisings and the Future of Civil-Military Relations in the Middle East. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- The World Bank Group. (2017). The toll of war:the economic and social consequences. The World Bank Group.
- Trenin, D. (2012). Russia's Line in the Sand on Syria. Foreign Affairs
- Turkey and Iraq. Retrieved December 26, 2017, from US Department of State: Diplomacy in action website: https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/d/2016d/262583.htm
- United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/disasters-conflicts/whatwe-do/risk-reduction/climate-change-and-security-risks.
- US Department of State. (2016, September 29). Regional Impact of the Syria Conflict: Syria
- Waever, O. (1998). Securitization and Desecuritization. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Waltz, K. N. (2001). Man, the State and War. New York: Columia University Press. Young,Willaim D. S.- S. (2014). Spillover from the Conflict in Syria. california: RAND National Defense and Research Institute.
- World Bank. (2017, July 10). The Toll of War: The Economic and Social Consequences of the Conflict in Syria. The World Bank: http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/syria/publication/the-toll-of-warthe-economic-and-social-consequences-of-the-conflict-in-syria
- Zirulnich, A. (2011, April 29). Syria 101: 4 attributes of Assad's authoritarian regime. The Christian Science Monitor: https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2011/0429/Syria-101-4-attributes-ofAssad-s-authoritarian-regime/What-type-of-government-does-Syria-have
- Zubaida, S. (2014). Sectarian Dimension. The Middle East Journal, 318-322.
Cite this article
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APA : Akhtar, N., & Afridi, M. K. (2020). Syrian Skirmish: Security Hitch and Complexity in the Middle East. Global Political Review, V(II), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-II).03
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CHICAGO : Akhtar, Nasreen, and Manzoor Khan Afridi. 2020. "Syrian Skirmish: Security Hitch and Complexity in the Middle East." Global Political Review, V (II): 22-33 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2020(V-II).03
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HARVARD : AKHTAR, N. & AFRIDI, M. K. 2020. Syrian Skirmish: Security Hitch and Complexity in the Middle East. Global Political Review, V, 22-33.
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MHRA : Akhtar, Nasreen, and Manzoor Khan Afridi. 2020. "Syrian Skirmish: Security Hitch and Complexity in the Middle East." Global Political Review, V: 22-33
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MLA : Akhtar, Nasreen, and Manzoor Khan Afridi. "Syrian Skirmish: Security Hitch and Complexity in the Middle East." Global Political Review, V.II (2020): 22-33 Print.
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OXFORD : Akhtar, Nasreen and Afridi, Manzoor Khan (2020), "Syrian Skirmish: Security Hitch and Complexity in the Middle East", Global Political Review, V (II), 22-33
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TURABIAN : Akhtar, Nasreen, and Manzoor Khan Afridi. "Syrian Skirmish: Security Hitch and Complexity in the Middle East." Global Political Review V, no. II (2020): 22-33. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-II).03