WOMENS ACTIVISM AND PAKISTANI STATE POLICIES A COMPARISON OF BENAZIR BHUTTO AND NAWAZ SHARIF GOVERNMENTS 19881999

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-I).07      10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-I).07      Published : Mar 1
Authored by : Sher Muhammad , Sajida Feroze , Sidra Mubashar

07 Pages : 64 - 73

References

  • Afshah, H. (1996). Faith and Freedom: Women's human rights in the Muslim world. Development in Practice, 6(3), 272-278.
  • Ahmad, A. (1996). Women and social justice: An Islamic paradigm. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies.
  • Ali, A. A. (2000). The Emergence of Feminism among Indian Muslim women 1920–1947. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
  • Ali, R. (2001). The dark side Of ‘honour’ women victims In Pakistan, Special Bulletin, Lahore: Shirkat Ga.
  • Amnesty International (1998). Amnesty International Report 1998 – Pakistan. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a9f324.html
  • Badry, R. (2020). On the Legacy of Asma Jahangir (1952-2018)–Insights on Political Power Mechanisms in Pakistan and Beyond. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 73(1), 5-23.
  • Bhutto, B. (1996). The fight for the liberation of women. Women's Studies Quarterly, 24(1), 91– 97.
  • Cowasjee, A. (1999, August 8). A matter of honour? Dawn.
  • Government of Pakistan. (1985). Report of the Pakistan Commission on the Status of Women, Islamabad. Women Division.
  • Human Rights Watch (1994), Human Rights Watch World Report 1994 - Pakistan, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/467fca861e.html
  • Jalalzai, F. (2013). Shattered, cracked, or firmly intact?: Women and the executive glass ceiling worldwide. Oxford University Press.
  • Khan, A. (2020). The women's movement in Pakistan: activism, Islam and democracy, London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Krook, M. L. (2010). Quotas for women in politics: Gender and candidate selection reform worldwide. Oxford University Press.
  • Krook, M. L., & O'Brien, D. Z. (2012). All the president's men? The appointment of female cabinet ministers worldwide. The Journal of Politics, 74(3), 840-855.
  • LaPorte, R. (1997). Pakistan in 1996: starting over again. Asian Survey, 37(2), 118-125.
  • women. The journal of religious ethics, 163-185.
  • Moghadam, V. M. (1992). Patriarchy and the politics of gender in modernizing societies: Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. International Sociology, 7(1), 35-53.
  • Muhammad, S., Abbas, Q. A., & Waris, M. (2022). Women’s Participation in Pakistan's National Assembly Elections: A Historical Review (1970-1997). Global Political Review, VII(I), 1- 10. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-I).01
  • Mumtaz, K., & Shaheed, F. (1987). Women of Pakistan two steps forward, one step back. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
  • Nwankwor, C. (2021). Women Cabinet Ministers’ Substantive Representation in Africa. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 28(1), 241-264.
  • Rashid, T. (2006). Contested representation: Punjabi women in feminist debate in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
  • Rehman, A. (2020). Today, 30 years ago. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1573069/today-30-years-ago
  • Saigol, R. (2016). Feminism and the women's movement in Pakistan: Actors, debates and strategies, Lahore: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
  • Shaheed, F. (2009). ‘The Occupation of mainstream cultural space in Pakistani society by politico-religious parties and groups’. Paper presented in a conference on ‘Extremism and its Impact on Society: Implications for Women’ on 18–19 August 2009 by NCSW Islamabad: Pakistan.
  • Shaheed, F. (2010). Contested identities: Gendered politics, gendered religion in Pakistan. Third World Quarterly, 31(6), 851- 867.
  • Shaheed, F. (2016). The women’s movement in Pakistan: challenges and achievements. In A. Basu (2016). Women's movements in the global era: The power of local Feminisms. Hachette UK. 89– 118
  • Shaheed, F. (2020), The Women’s Movement in Pakistan: Anatomy of Resistance in Rehman, S. (2020), Womansplaining: Navigating Activism, Politics and Modernity in Pakistan, Lahore: Folio Books
  • Shaheed, F. & Warraich, S. (1998). ‘The context of women's activism’. In F. Shaheed, A. Zia, and S.
  • Shami, A. A. (2009). Political empowerment of women in Pakistan. Pakistan Vision, 10(1), 141–150.
  • Warraich, (1998). Women in politics: Participation and representation in Pakistan. Lahore: Shirkat Gah.
  • Weiss, A. (1999). Women, civil society, and politics in Pakistan. Citizenship Studies, 3(1), 141–50.
  • Weiss, A. M. (2012). Moving forward with the legal empowerment of women in Pakistan. US Institute of Peace.
  • Willmer, D. (1996). Women as participants in the Pakistan movement: Modernization and the promise of a moral state. Modern Asian Studies, 30(3), 573-590.
  • Zakaria, R. (1990). Women & politics in Islam: the trial of Benazir Bhutto. New York: New Horizons.

References

  • Afshah, H. (1996). Faith and Freedom: Women's human rights in the Muslim world. Development in Practice, 6(3), 272-278.
  • Ahmad, A. (1996). Women and social justice: An Islamic paradigm. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies.
  • Ali, A. A. (2000). The Emergence of Feminism among Indian Muslim women 1920–1947. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
  • Ali, R. (2001). The dark side Of ‘honour’ women victims In Pakistan, Special Bulletin, Lahore: Shirkat Ga.
  • Amnesty International (1998). Amnesty International Report 1998 – Pakistan. https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a9f324.html
  • Badry, R. (2020). On the Legacy of Asma Jahangir (1952-2018)–Insights on Political Power Mechanisms in Pakistan and Beyond. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 73(1), 5-23.
  • Bhutto, B. (1996). The fight for the liberation of women. Women's Studies Quarterly, 24(1), 91– 97.
  • Cowasjee, A. (1999, August 8). A matter of honour? Dawn.
  • Government of Pakistan. (1985). Report of the Pakistan Commission on the Status of Women, Islamabad. Women Division.
  • Human Rights Watch (1994), Human Rights Watch World Report 1994 - Pakistan, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/467fca861e.html
  • Jalalzai, F. (2013). Shattered, cracked, or firmly intact?: Women and the executive glass ceiling worldwide. Oxford University Press.
  • Khan, A. (2020). The women's movement in Pakistan: activism, Islam and democracy, London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Krook, M. L. (2010). Quotas for women in politics: Gender and candidate selection reform worldwide. Oxford University Press.
  • Krook, M. L., & O'Brien, D. Z. (2012). All the president's men? The appointment of female cabinet ministers worldwide. The Journal of Politics, 74(3), 840-855.
  • LaPorte, R. (1997). Pakistan in 1996: starting over again. Asian Survey, 37(2), 118-125.
  • women. The journal of religious ethics, 163-185.
  • Moghadam, V. M. (1992). Patriarchy and the politics of gender in modernizing societies: Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. International Sociology, 7(1), 35-53.
  • Muhammad, S., Abbas, Q. A., & Waris, M. (2022). Women’s Participation in Pakistan's National Assembly Elections: A Historical Review (1970-1997). Global Political Review, VII(I), 1- 10. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-I).01
  • Mumtaz, K., & Shaheed, F. (1987). Women of Pakistan two steps forward, one step back. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
  • Nwankwor, C. (2021). Women Cabinet Ministers’ Substantive Representation in Africa. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 28(1), 241-264.
  • Rashid, T. (2006). Contested representation: Punjabi women in feminist debate in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
  • Rehman, A. (2020). Today, 30 years ago. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1573069/today-30-years-ago
  • Saigol, R. (2016). Feminism and the women's movement in Pakistan: Actors, debates and strategies, Lahore: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
  • Shaheed, F. (2009). ‘The Occupation of mainstream cultural space in Pakistani society by politico-religious parties and groups’. Paper presented in a conference on ‘Extremism and its Impact on Society: Implications for Women’ on 18–19 August 2009 by NCSW Islamabad: Pakistan.
  • Shaheed, F. (2010). Contested identities: Gendered politics, gendered religion in Pakistan. Third World Quarterly, 31(6), 851- 867.
  • Shaheed, F. (2016). The women’s movement in Pakistan: challenges and achievements. In A. Basu (2016). Women's movements in the global era: The power of local Feminisms. Hachette UK. 89– 118
  • Shaheed, F. (2020), The Women’s Movement in Pakistan: Anatomy of Resistance in Rehman, S. (2020), Womansplaining: Navigating Activism, Politics and Modernity in Pakistan, Lahore: Folio Books
  • Shaheed, F. & Warraich, S. (1998). ‘The context of women's activism’. In F. Shaheed, A. Zia, and S.
  • Shami, A. A. (2009). Political empowerment of women in Pakistan. Pakistan Vision, 10(1), 141–150.
  • Warraich, (1998). Women in politics: Participation and representation in Pakistan. Lahore: Shirkat Gah.
  • Weiss, A. (1999). Women, civil society, and politics in Pakistan. Citizenship Studies, 3(1), 141–50.
  • Weiss, A. M. (2012). Moving forward with the legal empowerment of women in Pakistan. US Institute of Peace.
  • Willmer, D. (1996). Women as participants in the Pakistan movement: Modernization and the promise of a moral state. Modern Asian Studies, 30(3), 573-590.
  • Zakaria, R. (1990). Women & politics in Islam: the trial of Benazir Bhutto. New York: New Horizons.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Muhammad, S., Feroze, S., & Mubashar, S. (2022). Women's Activism and Pakistani State Policies: A Comparison of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif Governments (1988-1999). Global Political Review, VII(I), 64 - 73. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-I).07

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Muhammad, Sher, Sajida Feroze, and Sidra Mubashar. 2022. "Women's Activism and Pakistani State Policies: A Comparison of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif Governments (1988-1999)." Global Political Review, VII (I): 64 - 73 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-I).07

HARVARD

    HARVARD : MUHAMMAD, S., FEROZE, S. & MUBASHAR, S. 2022. Women's Activism and Pakistani State Policies: A Comparison of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif Governments (1988-1999). Global Political Review, VII, 64 - 73.

MHRA

    MHRA : Muhammad, Sher, Sajida Feroze, and Sidra Mubashar. 2022. "Women's Activism and Pakistani State Policies: A Comparison of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif Governments (1988-1999)." Global Political Review, VII: 64 - 73

MLA

    MLA : Muhammad, Sher, Sajida Feroze, and Sidra Mubashar. "Women's Activism and Pakistani State Policies: A Comparison of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif Governments (1988-1999)." Global Political Review, VII.I (2022): 64 - 73 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Muhammad, Sher, Feroze, Sajida, and Mubashar, Sidra (2022), "Women's Activism and Pakistani State Policies: A Comparison of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif Governments (1988-1999)", Global Political Review, VII (I), 64 - 73

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Muhammad, Sher, Sajida Feroze, and Sidra Mubashar. "Women's Activism and Pakistani State Policies: A Comparison of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif Governments (1988-1999)." Global Political Review VII, no. I (2022): 64 - 73. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(VII-I).07