References

• Afshah, H. (1996). Faith and Freedom: Women's human rights in the Muslim world. Development in Practice, 6(3), 272-278.
• Ahmad, A. (1996). Women and social justice: An Islamic paradigm. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies.
• Ali, A. A. (2000). The Emergence of Feminism among Indian Muslim women 1920–1947. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
• Ali, R. (2001). The dark side Of ‘honour’ women victims In Pakistan, Special Bulletin, Lahore: Shirkat Ga.
• Amnesty International (1998). Amnesty International Report 1998 – Pakistan.
• Badry, R. (2020). On the Legacy of Asma Jahangir (1952-2018)–Insights on Political Power Mechanisms in Pakistan and Beyond. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, 73(1), 5-23.
• Bhutto, B. (1996). The fight for the liberation of women. Women's Studies Quarterly, 24(1), 91– 97.
• Cowasjee, A. (1999, August 8). A matter of honour? Dawn.
• Government of Pakistan. (1985). Report of the Pakistan Commission on the Status of Women, Islamabad. Women Division.
• Human Rights Watch (1994), Human Rights Watch World Report 1994 - Pakistan, available at:
• Jalalzai, F. (2013). Shattered, cracked, or firmly intact?: Women and the executive glass ceiling worldwide. Oxford University Press.
• Khan, A. (2020). The women's movement in Pakistan: activism, Islam and democracy, London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
• Krook, M. L. (2010). Quotas for women in politics: Gender and candidate selection reform worldwide. Oxford University Press.
• Krook, M. L., & O'Brien, D. Z. (2012). All the president's men? The appointment of female cabinet ministers worldwide. The Journal of Politics, 74(3), 840-855.
• LaPorte, R. (1997). Pakistan in 1996: starting over again. Asian Survey, 37(2), 118-125.
• women. The journal of religious ethics, 163-185.
• Moghadam, V. M. (1992). Patriarchy and the politics of gender in modernizing societies: Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. International Sociology, 7(1), 35-53.
• Muhammad, S., Abbas, Q. A., & Waris, M. (2022). Women’s Participation in Pakistan's National Assembly Elections: A Historical Review (1970-1997). Global Political Review, VII(I), 1- 10.
• Mumtaz, K., & Shaheed, F. (1987). Women of Pakistan two steps forward, one step back. Lahore: Vanguard Books.
• Nwankwor, C. (2021). Women Cabinet Ministers’ Substantive Representation in Africa. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 28(1), 241-264.
• Rashid, T. (2006). Contested representation: Punjabi women in feminist debate in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
• Rehman, A. (2020). Today, 30 years ago. Dawn.
• Saigol, R. (2016). Feminism and the women's movement in Pakistan: Actors, debates and strategies, Lahore: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
• Shaheed, F. (2009). ‘The Occupation of mainstream cultural space in Pakistani society by politico-religious parties and groups’. Paper presented in a conference on ‘Extremism and its Impact on Society: Implications for Women’ on 18–19 August 2009 by NCSW Islamabad: Pakistan.
• Shaheed, F. (2010). Contested identities: Gendered politics, gendered religion in Pakistan. Third World Quarterly, 31(6), 851- 867.
• Shaheed, F. (2016). The women’s movement in Pakistan: challenges and achievements. In A. Basu (2016). Women's movements in the global era: The power of local Feminisms. Hachette UK. 89– 118
• Shaheed, F. (2020), The Women’s Movement in Pakistan: Anatomy of Resistance in Rehman, S. (2020), Womansplaining: Navigating Activism, Politics and Modernity in Pakistan, Lahore: Folio Books
• Shaheed, F. & Warraich, S. (1998). ‘The context of women's activism’. In F. Shaheed, A. Zia, and S.
• Shami, A. A. (2009). Political empowerment of women in Pakistan. Pakistan Vision, 10(1), 141–150.
• Warraich, (1998). Women in politics: Participation and representation in Pakistan. Lahore: Shirkat Gah.
• Weiss, A. (1999). Women, civil society, and politics in Pakistan. Citizenship Studies, 3(1), 141–50.
• Weiss, A. M. (2012). Moving forward with the legal empowerment of women in Pakistan. US Institute of Peace.
• Willmer, D. (1996). Women as participants in the Pakistan movement: Modernization and the promise of a moral state. Modern Asian Studies, 30(3), 573-590.
• Zakaria, R. (1990). Women & politics in Islam: the trial of Benazir Bhutto. New York: New Horizons.