PORTRAYAL OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS DURING THE GENERAL ELECTIONS 2008 IN PAKISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-IV).10      10.31703/gpr.2020(V-IV).10      Published : Dec 4
Authored by : Shazia Ismail Toor

10 Pages : 86-93

References

  • A Ardèvol-Abreu. (2015).
  • Baran, S., & Davis, D. (2011). Mass communication theory: Foundations, ferment, and future. (6th ed.) Wodsworth, USA: Michael Rosenberg.
  • Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. New York: The Free Press.
  • Bilal, H. A., Rafaqat, U., Hassan, N., Mansoor, H., & Zahra, Q. (2012).
  • De Vreese, C. H., Banducci, S. A., Semetko, H. A., & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2006). The news coverage of the 2004 European parliamentary election campaign in 25 countries. European Union Politics, 7(4), 477-504. doi: 10.1177/1465116506069440
  • Druckman, J. N. (2005).
  • Dwivedi, P. K. (2013). Role of media in social awareness. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 1(1) 67- 70. http://www.giapjournals.com/index.php/hssr/article/view/hssr1110
  • Esser, F., & Vliegenthart, R. (2016). Comparative Research Methods. In J. Matthes, R. Potter & C. S. Davis (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods. London: WileyBlackwell.
  • Freeland, A. (2012). An overview of agenda setting theory in mass communications. University of North Texas.
  • Froehlich, R., & Rüdiger, B. (2006). Framing political public relations: Measuring success of political communication strategies in Germany. Public Relations Review, 32(1), 18- 25.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2005.10.003
  • George, A. L. (1959). Propaganda analysis, Illinois: Row, Pereson & co Gidengil, E., & Everitt, J. (2003). Conventional coverage/unconventional politicians: Gender and media coverage of Canadian leaders' debates, 1993, 1997, 2000. CJP, 36(03). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423903778767
  • Graber, D. A. (2002). Media power in politics. Washington , DC: CQ press Happer, C., & Philo, G. (2013). The role of the media in the construction of public belief and
  • Harris, H. ( 2001). Content Analysis of Secondary Data: A Study of Courage in Managerial Decision Making. Journal of Business Ethics , 34(3), 191-208. doi:10.1023/A:1012534014727
  • Herrnson, P., Stokes-Brown, A., & Hindman, M. (2007). Campaign politics and the digital divide: Constituency characteristics, strategic considerations, and candidate internet use in state legislative elections. Political Research Quarterly, 60(1), 31-42. doi: 10.1177/1065912906298527.
  • Johnson, T. & Patricia G. A. (1999).
  • Kolbe, R. H., & Burnett, M. S. (1991). Content-analysis research: An examination of applications with directives for improving research reliability and objectivity. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 243- 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209256
  • Lasswell, H. D., Leites, N., & Associates, (Eds.). (1965). Language of politics, Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York: Harcourt.
  • Lippmann, W. (1946). Public opinion. USA: Transaction Publishers.
  • McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. (1972). The agenda setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 2(36), 176-187. doi:10.1086/26799.
  • Miller, G., Whicker, M. (1999). Handbook of research methods in public administration. United States: Marcel Dekker Inc.
  • Olayiwola, R. O. (1991). Political communications: Press and politics in Nigeria's second republic. Africa Media Review, 5(2), 31-45. http://pdfproc.lib.msu.edu/?file=/DMC/African Journals/pdfs/africa media review/vol 5no2/jamr005002004.pdf.
  • Rosales, G. R., & Dennis, T. L. (2000). Online news framing: A content analysis of the coverage of three Manila online newspapers during the 1998 Philippine presidential election. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 10 (1), 79-91. DOI: 10.1075/japc.10.1.05ros
  • Sanyaolu, P., Sanyaolu, C., & Oni, O. (2017). The Importance of Media in Politics. Routledge. 10.13140/RG.2.2.33223.60322. social change. Journal of Social & Political Psychology,1(1), 321-336. http://jspp.psychopen.eu/article/view/96/37
  • Steger, W. P. (1999). Comparing news and editorial coverage of the 1996 presidential nominating campaign. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 29(1), 40-72. DOI: 10.1111/1741-5705.00018
  • Stromback, J., & Dimitrova, D. (2006). Political and media systems matter: A comparison of election news coverage in Sweden and the United States. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 11(4), 131-147. doi: 10.1177/1081180X06293549
  • Venturelli, S. (1998). Liberalizing the European media: Politics, regulation, and the public sphere. Oxford University Press.
  • Virgini. P., Singh P., & Sunita, B. J. (2013). Role of mass media in social awareness. International Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 1(01), 34-38, ISBN 978-93-83006-16-8
  • Walgrave, S., & Van Aelst, P. (2006). The contingency of the mass media's political agenda setting power: Toward a preliminary theory. Journal of Communication, 56(1), 88-109.doi: 10.1111/j.1460- 2466.2006.00005.
  • Walgrave, S., Van Aelst, P., & Nuytemans, M. (2008). 'Do the vote test': the electoral effects of a popular vote advice application at the 2004 Belgian elections. Acta Politica, 43(1), 50-70. doi:10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500209
  • Williams, C., & Gulati, G. (2012). Social networks in political campaigns: Facebook and the congressional elections of 2006 and 2008. New Media & Society, 15(1), 52-71. Doi: 10.1177/1461444812457332

References

  • A Ardèvol-Abreu. (2015).
  • Baran, S., & Davis, D. (2011). Mass communication theory: Foundations, ferment, and future. (6th ed.) Wodsworth, USA: Michael Rosenberg.
  • Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research. New York: The Free Press.
  • Bilal, H. A., Rafaqat, U., Hassan, N., Mansoor, H., & Zahra, Q. (2012).
  • De Vreese, C. H., Banducci, S. A., Semetko, H. A., & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2006). The news coverage of the 2004 European parliamentary election campaign in 25 countries. European Union Politics, 7(4), 477-504. doi: 10.1177/1465116506069440
  • Druckman, J. N. (2005).
  • Dwivedi, P. K. (2013). Role of media in social awareness. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 1(1) 67- 70. http://www.giapjournals.com/index.php/hssr/article/view/hssr1110
  • Esser, F., & Vliegenthart, R. (2016). Comparative Research Methods. In J. Matthes, R. Potter & C. S. Davis (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods. London: WileyBlackwell.
  • Freeland, A. (2012). An overview of agenda setting theory in mass communications. University of North Texas.
  • Froehlich, R., & Rüdiger, B. (2006). Framing political public relations: Measuring success of political communication strategies in Germany. Public Relations Review, 32(1), 18- 25.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2005.10.003
  • George, A. L. (1959). Propaganda analysis, Illinois: Row, Pereson & co Gidengil, E., & Everitt, J. (2003). Conventional coverage/unconventional politicians: Gender and media coverage of Canadian leaders' debates, 1993, 1997, 2000. CJP, 36(03). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423903778767
  • Graber, D. A. (2002). Media power in politics. Washington , DC: CQ press Happer, C., & Philo, G. (2013). The role of the media in the construction of public belief and
  • Harris, H. ( 2001). Content Analysis of Secondary Data: A Study of Courage in Managerial Decision Making. Journal of Business Ethics , 34(3), 191-208. doi:10.1023/A:1012534014727
  • Herrnson, P., Stokes-Brown, A., & Hindman, M. (2007). Campaign politics and the digital divide: Constituency characteristics, strategic considerations, and candidate internet use in state legislative elections. Political Research Quarterly, 60(1), 31-42. doi: 10.1177/1065912906298527.
  • Johnson, T. & Patricia G. A. (1999).
  • Kolbe, R. H., & Burnett, M. S. (1991). Content-analysis research: An examination of applications with directives for improving research reliability and objectivity. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 243- 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209256
  • Lasswell, H. D., Leites, N., & Associates, (Eds.). (1965). Language of politics, Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York: Harcourt.
  • Lippmann, W. (1946). Public opinion. USA: Transaction Publishers.
  • McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. (1972). The agenda setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 2(36), 176-187. doi:10.1086/26799.
  • Miller, G., Whicker, M. (1999). Handbook of research methods in public administration. United States: Marcel Dekker Inc.
  • Olayiwola, R. O. (1991). Political communications: Press and politics in Nigeria's second republic. Africa Media Review, 5(2), 31-45. http://pdfproc.lib.msu.edu/?file=/DMC/African Journals/pdfs/africa media review/vol 5no2/jamr005002004.pdf.
  • Rosales, G. R., & Dennis, T. L. (2000). Online news framing: A content analysis of the coverage of three Manila online newspapers during the 1998 Philippine presidential election. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 10 (1), 79-91. DOI: 10.1075/japc.10.1.05ros
  • Sanyaolu, P., Sanyaolu, C., & Oni, O. (2017). The Importance of Media in Politics. Routledge. 10.13140/RG.2.2.33223.60322. social change. Journal of Social & Political Psychology,1(1), 321-336. http://jspp.psychopen.eu/article/view/96/37
  • Steger, W. P. (1999). Comparing news and editorial coverage of the 1996 presidential nominating campaign. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 29(1), 40-72. DOI: 10.1111/1741-5705.00018
  • Stromback, J., & Dimitrova, D. (2006). Political and media systems matter: A comparison of election news coverage in Sweden and the United States. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 11(4), 131-147. doi: 10.1177/1081180X06293549
  • Venturelli, S. (1998). Liberalizing the European media: Politics, regulation, and the public sphere. Oxford University Press.
  • Virgini. P., Singh P., & Sunita, B. J. (2013). Role of mass media in social awareness. International Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 1(01), 34-38, ISBN 978-93-83006-16-8
  • Walgrave, S., & Van Aelst, P. (2006). The contingency of the mass media's political agenda setting power: Toward a preliminary theory. Journal of Communication, 56(1), 88-109.doi: 10.1111/j.1460- 2466.2006.00005.
  • Walgrave, S., Van Aelst, P., & Nuytemans, M. (2008). 'Do the vote test': the electoral effects of a popular vote advice application at the 2004 Belgian elections. Acta Politica, 43(1), 50-70. doi:10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500209
  • Williams, C., & Gulati, G. (2012). Social networks in political campaigns: Facebook and the congressional elections of 2006 and 2008. New Media & Society, 15(1), 52-71. Doi: 10.1177/1461444812457332

Cite this article

APA

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Toor, Shazia Ismail. 2020. "Portrayal of Political Parties in English Newspapers during the General Elections 2008 in Pakistan." Global Political Review, V (IV): 86-93 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2020(V-IV).10

HARVARD

    HARVARD : TOOR, S. I. 2020. Portrayal of Political Parties in English Newspapers during the General Elections 2008 in Pakistan. Global Political Review, V, 86-93.

MHRA

    MHRA : Toor, Shazia Ismail. 2020. "Portrayal of Political Parties in English Newspapers during the General Elections 2008 in Pakistan." Global Political Review, V: 86-93

MLA

    MLA : Toor, Shazia Ismail. "Portrayal of Political Parties in English Newspapers during the General Elections 2008 in Pakistan." Global Political Review, V.IV (2020): 86-93 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Toor, Shazia Ismail (2020), "Portrayal of Political Parties in English Newspapers during the General Elections 2008 in Pakistan", Global Political Review, V (IV), 86-93

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Toor, Shazia Ismail. "Portrayal of Political Parties in English Newspapers during the General Elections 2008 in Pakistan." Global Political Review V, no. IV (2020): 86-93. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-IV).10