http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-III).07
10.31703/gpr.2020(V-III).07
Published : Sep 2020
American Conduct towards North Korea: Realist Analysis of Clinton and Bush Administration
North Korea tends to be a state of the 21st century that redefines realism in the contemporary era while concentrating on protecting its sovereignty by making self-help the primary concern. US-North Korea bilateral relations face fluctuations. North Korean intentions have progressed from the Realism thought, now willing to attain security maximization along with maximizing its power based on the notions of defensive and offensive realism. The supremacy of North Korea does not quench as the Nuclear might in Northeast Asia; it aims to attack mainland USA with its developed technology. The study concentrates on the Clinton and Bush administration as a special reference. Recognizing the North Korean nuclear program would be intolerable for the International Community as it goes against all norms set by the powerful states for the world.
-
US, North Korea, Northeast Asia, Realism, Security, Denuclearize, Negotiation
-
(1) Muhammad Umer Hayat
Senior Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Asefa Khilji
MS Scholar, Department of International Relations, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Farrukh Shehzad
Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Campbell, K. M., & Ward, C. J. (2003). “New Battle Stations?â€. Foreign Affairs 82, no.5 (September/October, 2003): 96-100.
- Carr, E. H. (1964). The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations (London: The Macmillan Press, 1946), 161
- Cha, V. (2002). "Hawk Engagement and Preventive Defense on the Korean Peninsula." International Security 27, no. 1, Summer 2002: 78.
- Chestnut, S. (2007). "North Korean Smuggling Networks." The MIT Press, Summer 2007: 80-111.
- Cho, Y. (2014). "Method to the madness of Chairman Kim: The instrumental rationality of North Korea's." Sage Publications, Ltd 69 (1). (March 2014): 5-25.
- Chun, K. H. (2010). North Korea's nuclear question : sense of vulnerability, defensive motivation, and peaceful solution . https://www.loc.gov/item/2010551062/.
- Cohen, R. (2013). Human Rights in North Korea: Addressing the Challenges." International Journal of Korean Unification Studies 22 (2): 29-62. https://www.brookings.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2016/06/RCohen_north_korea_Dec2013.pdf.
- Commission, U.S.-China Economic and Security Review. (2005). China's Proliferation Practices and Role in the North Korea Crisis: Hearing Before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. U.S. Government Printing Office. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=2anwy STKpaAC
- David C. Kang, (2003). “The Avoidable Crisis in North Korea,†Orbis 47, (3) (Summer, 2003): 508
- Gi-Yong, Kim. (2016). "The Comparative Study on the Nuclear Weapon Development Process – A Comparative Study on North Korea and Post Nuclear Development Seven Countries." Ph.D.diss., Kyungpook National University, 2016: 132.
- Haggard, S., & Noland, M. (2017). "Hard Target: Sanctions, Inducements, and the Case of north Korea." Stanford University Press, 2017: 231-249
- Hwang, J. (2013). "The Two Koreas after U.S. Unipolarity: In Search of a New North Korea Policy." Institute of International Affairs, Graduate School of International Studies, June 2013: 77-88.
- John J. M. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001), 41
- Joseph S. B. (2015). "North Korea's Development of a Nuclear Weapons Strategy." Washington: US Korea Institute at SAIS, 2015: 12
- Julia, M. (2019). “Chronology of U.S.-North Korean Nuclear and Missile Diplomacyâ€, Arms Control Association, November 2019, https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/dprkchron
- Kenneth N. W. (1979). Theory of International Politics (Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1979), 111-118.
- Koo, B.-H., (1994). “Nuclear-Weapons-Free Zone in Northeast Asia: A South Korean Perspectiveâ€, Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability, June 1994, https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnetspecial-reports/nuclear-weapons-free-zone-in-northeast-asia-a-south-korean-perspective/
- Kristensen, H. M. (2017). A history of US nuclear weapons in South Koreaâ€, Taylor and Francis Online, October 26, 2017, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2017.1388656
- Laney, J. T., & Jason T. S. (2003). "How to Deal with North Korea." Foreign Affairs 82, no. 2, March/April 2003: 21.
- Litwak, R. S. (2000). Robert Litwak, Rogue States and U.S. Foreign Policy: Containment After the Cold Warâ€, February 14, 2000, p 205, https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=Tpd_ykOXXeUC
- Martin A. S. (2013). “Power in the Changing Global Order: The US, Russia and Chinaâ€, April 26, 2013, https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=D1q5q6gZOGAC
- Masterson, J. (2019). Chronology of U.S.-North Korean Nuclear and Missile Diplomacy. November. https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/dprkchron.
- Mearsherimer, J. J. (2001) "The Tradegy of Great Power Politics." New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001: 41.
- Nah, Y. (2016). “Xi Jinping Regime’s Policy on North Korea and North Korea’s Nuclear Issue,†Journal of Ethnology 65, (Spring, 2016):69
- North Korea, The Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of Fatherland, A Statement from Foreign Ministry Spokesman. May 22, 2010. http://uriminzokkiri.com/index.php?ptype=igisa2
- Park Tae-hong, “Changes and Causes of China’s Policies toward North Korean Nuclear Problems,†(Ph.D. diss., Kookmin University, 2016), 26.
- Peter, C. “North Korea Moves to Restart Key Nuclear Plantâ€, Arms Control Association https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2008-10/north-korea-moves-restart-key-nuclear-plant
- Rennie, D. (2003). “Rumsfeld Calls for Regime Change in North Koreaâ€, The Telegraph, April 22, 2003, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/1428126/Rumsfeld-calls-forregime-change-in-North-Korea.html
- Rudolf Avenhaus, Viktor Aleksandrovich Kremeniáuk, Gunnar Sjöstedt, (2002). https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=bErOcAk2x0sC
- Sigal, L. V. “The North Korean Nuclear Crisis: Understanding the Failure of the 'Crime-and-Punishment' Strategyâ€, Arms Control Association, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/1997-05/features/northkorean-nuclear-crisis-understanding-failure-crime-punishment-strategy
- Text of President Bush's (2002). State of the Union Address, The Washington Post, January 20,2009, https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/transcripts/sou012902.htm
- U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, “China's Proliferation Practices and Role in the North Korea Crisis: Hearing Before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commissionâ€, March 10, 2005, p 160, https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=2anwySTKpaAC
- Wagner, A. “Bush Puts N. Korea Negotiations on Hold, Stresses Verificationâ€, Arms Control Association, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001-04/press-releases/bush-puts-n-korea-negotiations-holdstresses-verification
- Wampler, R. A. (2017). “Engaging North Korea: Evidence from the Bush I Administrationâ€, National Security Archive, November 8, 2017, https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/korea-nuclear-vault/2017- 11-08/bush-43-chose-diplomacy-over-military-force-north-korea
- William E. Berry, J. (1995). “DPRK Briefing Book: North Korea’s Nuclear Program: The Clinton Administration’s Responseâ€, Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability, March 1995, https://nautilus.org/publications/books/dprkbb/agreedframework/dprk-briefing-book-north-koreas-nuclear-program-the-clinton-administrations-response/
- Yongbyon - North Korean Special Weapons Facilities, Federation of American Scientists, March 4, 2000, https://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/facility/yongbyon.htm
Cite this article
-
APA : Hayat, M. U., Khilji, A., & Shehzad, F. (2020). American Conduct towards North Korea: Realist Analysis of Clinton and Bush Administration. Global Political Review, V(III), 68-79. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-III).07
-
CHICAGO : Hayat, Muhammad Umer, Asefa Khilji, and Farrukh Shehzad. 2020. "American Conduct towards North Korea: Realist Analysis of Clinton and Bush Administration." Global Political Review, V (III): 68-79 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2020(V-III).07
-
HARVARD : HAYAT, M. U., KHILJI, A. & SHEHZAD, F. 2020. American Conduct towards North Korea: Realist Analysis of Clinton and Bush Administration. Global Political Review, V, 68-79.
-
MHRA : Hayat, Muhammad Umer, Asefa Khilji, and Farrukh Shehzad. 2020. "American Conduct towards North Korea: Realist Analysis of Clinton and Bush Administration." Global Political Review, V: 68-79
-
MLA : Hayat, Muhammad Umer, Asefa Khilji, and Farrukh Shehzad. "American Conduct towards North Korea: Realist Analysis of Clinton and Bush Administration." Global Political Review, V.III (2020): 68-79 Print.
-
OXFORD : Hayat, Muhammad Umer, Khilji, Asefa, and Shehzad, Farrukh (2020), "American Conduct towards North Korea: Realist Analysis of Clinton and Bush Administration", Global Political Review, V (III), 68-79
-
TURABIAN : Hayat, Muhammad Umer, Asefa Khilji, and Farrukh Shehzad. "American Conduct towards North Korea: Realist Analysis of Clinton and Bush Administration." Global Political Review V, no. III (2020): 68-79. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-III).07