References

• Afzal, N. (1999). Women and parliament in Pakistan, 1947-1977. Pakistan Study Centre, Lahore: University of Punjab.
• Ali, A. A, (2000). The emergence of feminism among Indian Muslim women 1920-1947. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
• Awan, M. A. (2016). Political participation of women in Pakistan historical and political dynamics shaping the structure of politics for women, Frankfurter Forschungszentrum Globaler, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, available at;
• Bano, S. (2009). Women in parliament in Pakistan: Problems and potential solutions,: women's Studies Journal, 23(1), 19- 35.
• Bhutto, B. (2008). Daughter of destiny: An autobiography. London: Simon and Schuster.
• Bilal, G. (2004). Women parliamentarians: Swimming against the tide. Islamabad: Freedom Publishers.
• Church World Service Pakistan/Afghanistan Free and Fair Elections Network (2010). National Assembly elections in Pakistan 1970-2008: A compendium of elections- related facts and statistics,Lahore. Available at,
• Election Commission of Pakistan (2002). General elections 2002 report: Volume-I and volume-II: Islamabad
• Haroon, A. (1995). The Women's movement in Pakistan'. In N. S. Khan and A. S. Zia (Eds.). Unveiling the issues: Pakistani women's perspectives on social, political and ideological issues. ASR Publications.167-77
• Haroon, A. (2011, November 17). Women's representation in parliament. the Express Tribune. Retrived at:
• Hussain, S. A. (2015). Power failure: the political odyssey of a Pakistani woman. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
• Ikramullah, S. (2002). From purdah to parliament. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
• Isran, S., & Isran, M. A. (2012). Low female labour participation in Pakistan: Causes and consequences. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 32(2).
• Krook, M. L. (2009). Quotas for women in politics: Gender and candidate selection reform worldwide. New York: Oxford University Press
• Mahmood, A. (2004). Women empowerment under Musharraf administration. Pakistan Vision, 5(2), Lahore: Punjab University.
• Mumtaz, K. (1998). Women in national legislatures in Pakistan. In F. Shaheed (Ed.). Shaping women's lives: Laws, practices, and strategies in Pakistan. Shirkat Gah, Women's Resource Centre. 319-70.
• Naz, A., & Ahmad, W. (2012). Socio-cultural impediments to women political empowerment in Pakhtun society. Academic Research International, 3(1), 163
• Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency (2004). Women's representation in Pakistan's parliament: Background paper. Islamabad: PILDAT
• Rashid, T. (2006). Contested representation: Punjabi women in feminist debate in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
• Saiyid, D. H. (2001). Women in politics-problems of participation: A case study of Pakistan. Strategic Studies, 21(3), 11-24.
• Shaheed, F. & Warraich, S. (1998). The context of women's activism. In F. Shaheed, A. Zia, and S. Warraich, (1998). Women in politics: Participation and representation in Pakistan. Lahore: Shirkat Gah.
• Shaheed, F. (1991). The cultural articulation of patriarchy. In F. Zafar (ed.) Finding our Way: Readings on Women in Pakistan. Lahore: ASR Publications.135-58
• Shahnawaz, J.A. (2002). Father and daughter. Islamabad: Oxford University Press.
• Shami, A. A. (2009). Political empowerment of women in Pakistan. Pakistan Vision, 10(1), 141-150
• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2005). Political and legislative participation of women in Pakistan: Issues and perspectives. Islamabad: UNDP Pakistan.
• Waseem, M. (2006). Democratization in Pakistan: A study of the 2002 elections. Lahore: Oxford University Press. 201-08
• Weiss, A. (1999). Women, civil society, and politics in Pakistan. Citizenship Studies, 3(1), 141-50.
• Weiss, A. M. (2012). Moving forward with the legal empowerment of women in Pakistan. US Institute of Peace.
• Yasmeen, S. (1994). Democracy in Pakistan: the third dismissal. Asian Survey, 34(6), 572- 588.
• Zia, S. and Bari, F. (1999). Baseline report on women's participation in political and public life in Pakistan. Lahore: Aurat Publication and Resource Services.