ARTICLE

SOCIO ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CAUSES OF CHILD LABOR THE CASE OF PAKISTAN

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

04 Pages : 32-43

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2016(I-I).04      10.31703/gpr.2016(I-I).04      Published : Dec 2016

Socio-Economic and Political Causes of Child Labor: The Case of Pakistan

Abstract

    Child labor is the growing curse in the world particularly in the developing countries and Pakistan is also the victim of this growing global phenomenon because of multiple reasons behind which encourage intentionally or unintentionally the dilemma of child labor. Child labor had multiple side effects that disturb the social fabric of the society and its growing statistics alarms the government of Pakistan to take the most possible and appropriate measures to combat this curse. This paper attempts to highlight the socioeconomic and political causes of child labor and had the objective to investigate the problem by applying mix methods of research using the convergent technique to get the real essence of the study with the multi-perspective lens. The study also provides recommendations along with the statistics to the policymakers for legislation.

    Socio-economic, Political, Child Labor

    (1) Zubaida Zafar
    PhD Scholar,Centre for South Asian Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Isra Sarwar
    PhD Scholar,Centre for South Asian Studies,University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Syed Imran Haider
    Assistant Professor,Department of Sociology, Social Work and Population Studies, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Ahmad, A. (2012). Poverty, Education and Child Labour in Aligarh City-India. Studies on Home and Community Science, 6(3), 165-172.
  • Akarro, R. R., & Mtweve, N. A. (2011). Poverty and its association with child labour in Njombe District in Tanzania: The case of Igima Ward. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3), 199-206.
  • Aqil, Z. (2012).
  • Awan, M. S., Waqas, M. & Aslam, M. A. (2011). Why do parents make their children work? Evidence from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(2), 545-549.
  • Bachman, S. L. (2000). A new economics of child labor: Searching for answers behind the headlines. Journal of International Affairs, 545-572
  • Baker, J. L. (2008).
  • Betcherman, G., Fares, J., Luinstra, A., & Prouty, R. (2004). Child labor, education, and children's rights. World Bank Social Protection Discussion Paper Series, (0412).
  • Bhat, B. A., & Rather, T. A. (2009). Child labour in the handicrafts home industry in Kashmir: A sociological study. International NGO Journal, 4(9), 391-400
  • Bhat, B. A. (2011).Child Labour in the Cotton Industry of Uzbekistan: a sociological study. Centre of Central Asian Studies, University of Kashmir. Vol. 54. No 1, pages. 84-99
  • Cigno, A., Rosati, F. & Guarcello, L. (2002). Does Globalisation Increase Child Labour? World Development, 30(9), 1579-1589
  • Cigno, Alessandro, & Furio C. Rosati (2001).
  • Constitution of Pakistan: http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/part2.ch1.html
  • Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/CHILD_E.PDF
  • Das, S. (2012). Incidence of Child Labour and Child Schooling in India: Pattern and Determinants. ISRN Economics, 2012.
  • Dessy, S. E., & Pallage, S. (2001). Child labor and coordination failures. Journal of development economics, 65(2), 469-476.
  • Duryea, S., Lam, D., & Levison, D. (2007). Effects of economic shocks on children's employment and schooling in Brazil. Journal of development economics, 84(1), 188-214
  • Edmonds, E. (2007). Child labour. Working Paper 12926. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Fassa, A. G., Facchini, L. A., Dall'Agnol, M. M., & Christiani, D. (1999). Child Labour and Health: Problems and Perspectives. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, Research Paper No. 160
  • Huebler, F. (2008). Child labour and school attendance: Evidence from MICS and DHS surveys. Division of Policy and Practice, UNICEF.
  • International Labor Organization. (2010). Accelerating action against child Labour http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/--- dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_126752.pdf
  • International Labour Organization. (2012). Tackling child labour: From commitment to action International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) - Geneva: vol. 1.
  • Jones, A. M., & O'Donnell, O. (Eds.). (2002). Econometric analysis of health data. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Kakoli, B., & Sayeed, U. (2013). Educational progress in India in the Context of Out-of-School Children International. Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(5), 6-14
  • Kousar, A., Akhtar, S., Shazad, F., Asma, S., Akhter, N., Nighat, S., (2005). Causes and Consequences of Child Labor in Carpet Weaving Industries; Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences ;1813- 2235/2005/01-1-58-59
  • Levison, D., & Murray-Close, M. (2005). Challenges in determining how child work affects child health. Public Health Reports, 120(6), 614-620.
  • Lyon, S., & Valdivia, C. A. (2010). Towards the effective measurement of child domestic workers: building estimates using standard household survey instruments (No. 56). Understanding Children's Work (UCW Programme).
  • Mahmood, S., Maann, A. A., Tabasam, N. & Niazi, S. K. (2005). Socio-economic Determinants of Child Labour in Automobile and Engineering Workshops. Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences, 1813-2235/2005/01-1-64-65
  • O'Donnell, O., Rosati, F. C., & Van Doorslaer, E. (2005). Health effects of child work: Evidence from rural Vietnam. Journal of Population Economics, 18(3), 437-467
  • Ortiz, I., Moreira Daniels, L., & Engilbertsdóttir, S. (2012). Child poverty and inequality: New perspectives. Available at SSRN 2039773
  • Khan, R. E. A. (2001).Socioeconomic Aspects of Child Labour - A Case Study of Children in Auto Workshops.The Lahore Journal 6 (1) 93.
  • Ray, R. (2002). Simultaneous analysis of child labour and child schooling: Comparative evidence from Nepal and Pakistan. Economic and Political Weekly, 5215-5224
  • Rena, R. (2009). The Child Labour in Developing Countries: A Challenge to Millennium Development Goals. Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences 3(1): 1-8.
  • Rodgers, G., & Standing, G. (1981). Economic roles of children in low-income countries. Int'l Lab. Rev., 120, 31.
  • Sawada, Y., & Lokshin, M. (2000). Household Schooling Decisions in Rural Pakistan. Working Paper.
  • Serwadda-Luwaga, J. (2005). Child labour and scholastic retardation: A thematic analysis of the 1999 Survey of Activities of Young People in South Africa. Thesis (MA (Demography) University of Pretoria.
  • Tesfay, N., (2003).
  • Zarif, T., Aziz-un-Nisa, Ahmed , A. & Mirza, M. (2013). Understanding reasons of child labour in a developing economy: A qualitative study of Karachi, Pakistan. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 2(2), 388-393.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Zafar, Z., Sarwar, I., & Haider, S. I. (2016). Socio-Economic and Political Causes of Child Labor: The Case of Pakistan. Global Political Review, I(I), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2016(I-I).04

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Zafar, Zubaida, Isra Sarwar, and Syed Imran Haider. 2016. "Socio-Economic and Political Causes of Child Labor: The Case of Pakistan." Global Political Review, I (I): 32-43 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2016(I-I).04

HARVARD

    HARVARD : ZAFAR, Z., SARWAR, I. & HAIDER, S. I. 2016. Socio-Economic and Political Causes of Child Labor: The Case of Pakistan. Global Political Review, I, 32-43.

MHRA

    MHRA : Zafar, Zubaida, Isra Sarwar, and Syed Imran Haider. 2016. "Socio-Economic and Political Causes of Child Labor: The Case of Pakistan." Global Political Review, I: 32-43

MLA

    MLA : Zafar, Zubaida, Isra Sarwar, and Syed Imran Haider. "Socio-Economic and Political Causes of Child Labor: The Case of Pakistan." Global Political Review, I.I (2016): 32-43 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Zafar, Zubaida, Sarwar, Isra, and Haider, Syed Imran (2016), "Socio-Economic and Political Causes of Child Labor: The Case of Pakistan", Global Political Review, I (I), 32-43

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Zafar, Zubaida, Isra Sarwar, and Syed Imran Haider. "Socio-Economic and Political Causes of Child Labor: The Case of Pakistan." Global Political Review I, no. I (2016): 32-43. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2016(I-I).04