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, Issue-III

(SUMMER 2025)

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01 - Youth Perspectives on Food Security Challenges under Climate Change: A Case Stud...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).01
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).01      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    Pakistan is a country well known for its rich cultural background and ethnic history. Its economy majorly depends on the agriculture sector, and around 70% of the population is associated with agriculture. In the globalized world, Pakistan is trying to develop effective, locally specific solutions to ensure sustainable agricultural adjustments and resilient communities. This research study aims to... Details

    Food Security, Resilient Agriculture, Climate Change, Youth-Led Initiatives, Attock

    (1) Ahmad Hassan
    Undergraduate, Department of Anthropology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry
    Associate Professor, Chairman, Department of Anthropology, PMAS – Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
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02 - Technological Innovation and Global Governance: The Role of AI, Cyber, and Space...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).02
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).02      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    In the 21st century technological innovation has become a character of global governance. These include Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cyber capabilities, and Space exploration, which are all emerging technologies reshaping the geopolitical landscape for better or worse. This paper examines how these technologies affect international relations to discuss their significance for power constructs, sec... Details

    Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity, Space Exploration, Global Governance, International Relations, Technology, Geopolitics

    (1) Abdul Qader
    Lecturer, Department of International Relations, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, AJ&K, Pakistan.
    (2) Kashif Ashfaq
    Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Zaiba Sarwar
    PhD Scholar, Department of Politics & IR, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
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03 - Triggers of Opportunity Recognition: Does Entrepreneurial Alertness Mediate the ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).03
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).03      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    The present study investigates the roles of Family Support, Social Capital, and Government Support on the Employability of the graduate students, whereby entrepreneurial alertness is used as an intervening variable.  The sample size of 400 graduate students was conveniently sampled as the data providers, which is a viable and heterogeneous sample to study.  Entrepreneurial Alertness has ... Details

    Family Support, Social Capital, Government Support, Entrepreneurial Alertness, and Employability

    (1) Ahmad Khalid
    Undergraduate, Department of Business Administration, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Aamar Ilyas
    Assistant Professor, University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Hafiz Ahmad Ashraf
    Assistant Professor, University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan.
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04 - Water Wars and Climate: Mapping the Geopolitical Flashpoints of River Basin Conf...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).04
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).04      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    Increasing climate variability and dwindling freshwater resources have intensified transboundary tensions, particularly in shared river basins. This study addresses the critical gap in understanding how climate-induced water stress exacerbates geopolitical conflicts. The primary objective is to identify and analyze global hotspots, "water wars" flashpoints, where climate change intersects with pol... Details

    Transboundary Water Conflict, Climate Change, River Basins, Geopolitics, Hydropolitics

    (1) Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri
    Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
    (2) Moaaz Manzoor
    BS Scholar, Department of Government and Public Policy, National Defense University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Kainat Muhib
    LL.M, MA IR, Advocate High Court (s) Pakistan.
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05 - Women and Peasant Resistance in Colonial Sindh: A Case Study of Mai Bakhtawar ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).05
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).05      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    The history of Sindh, a province in Pakistan, is marked by peasant movements that arose in response to exploitation by the landlords. These organised efforts often included participation from Sindhi women, although their contributions remain under-documented. Mai Bakhtawar, who emerged as a key figure during a peasant movement and sacrificed her life while fighting for the rights of disadvantaged ... Details

    Mai Bakhtawar Shaheed, Peasant Resistance, Colonial Sindh, Hari Women, Haris

    (1) Mazhar Abbas
    Lecturer, Department of History, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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06 - Empowering the Excluded: A Review of Skill-Based Education for Eunuchs in South ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).06
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).06      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    In South Asia, the eunuchs are known as hijras, and the lack of access the education or employment opportunities makes them one of the most marginalized communities. Potential avenues for economic empowerment, skill-based education, and vocational training remain unavailable and underutilized. This review is based on studies from 2015 to 2025 in South Asia and analyzes the role of educational barr... Details

    Transgender Education, Skill-Based Education, Hijra Community, Social Exclusion, Eunuchs, South Asia

    (1) Muhammad Rafiq-uz-Zaman
    PhD, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
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07 - Militaristic Nationalism, Driven and Sustained by A Unique Ideology: The Case of...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).07
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).07      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    With the end of the Cold War came the proclamation of the end of history which turned out to be a hasty verdict.  The twilight of the 20th Century was no different than its beginning because the historical continuum along the lines of the ‘us versus ‘them’ is still woven into the national narrative of states. Against this background this paper investigates the nature of ideo... Details

    Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Korea, Militaristic Nationalism, Ideology

    (1) Ghulam Mustafa
    Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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08 - Assessing the Impact of Economic Liberalization on India’s Growth Trajector...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).08
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).08      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    This paper critically examines the comprehensive analysis of the impacts of economic liberalization on India's growth trajectory since the economic reforms of 1991. The paper also analyzes how liberalization reshaped the Indian economy, drawing on a careful examination of macroeconomic patterns, policy reforms, sectoral performance, and foreign investment inflows. The study draws on qualitative an... Details

    Indian Growth Trajectory, Economic Liberalization, Macroeconomic Development, Foreign Investment

    (1) Hamza Farooq
    BS Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Aliza Khalil
    M.Phil. Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Imran Wakil
    Assistant Professor (OPS), Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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09 - Reassessing the Burden of Proof under Pakistan’s Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 19...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).09
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).09      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    This research paper critically examines the burden of proof under the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order (QSO) 1984 by analyzing relevant laws and jurisprudence developed in this context. It argues that though common law principles of initial burden are consistent with Articles 117-118, yet statutory presumptions as enshrined in Articles 119-129 pose risks of unjustifiably transferring the burden of proof to ... Details

    Burden of Proof, Qanun-E-Shahadat Order 1984, Doctrinal Analysis, Evidentiary Law, Comparative Jurisprudence, Presumption of Innocence

    (1) Mian Arfan Ullah
    Advocate High Court, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Aamir Abbas
    Assistant Professor, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Waqas Sarwar
    Lecturer, College of Law, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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10 - Information Literacy in the Digital Age: Evaluating the Role of New Media vs. Ma...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).10
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).10      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    This study explores Pakistani university students’ construction of information literacy skills, and the practicability of these skills in the context of the media scape, information culture, and society. Students (n=450) were selected from Pakistan's largest universities through convenience sampling. Variables were verified through paired-samples t-tests. Findings revealed that the majority ... Details

    Information Literacy; New Media; Mainstream Media; Civic Engagement; University Students; Pakistan

    (1) Muhammad Majid Hamid Nasir
    PhD Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University. Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Saqib Riaz
    Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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11 - Winning the Vote: Analyzing Electoral Strategies in Na-258 Loralai ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).11
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).11      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    This study examines the strategies employed by victorious candidates in NA-258 (Loralai) through the case study method. The findings reveal that candidates in such constituencies adopted strategies tailored to the social and cultural norms of their areas and the mentality of their voters. In NA-258 Loralai, the candidates relied more on joining pro-establishment parties, forming electoral alliance... Details

    Na-258 (Loralai), Election Strategies, Winning Candidates, Electoral Alliances, Biradari System (Kinship Politics), Pro-Establishment Parties, Balochistan Awami Party (BAP), Voter Behavior

    (1) Abdul Ghafoor
    Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Loralai, Balochistan, Pakistan.
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12 - Combating Misinformation in the Age of Deepfakes ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).12
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).12      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    The study discusses the defense in relation to the problem of deepfakes using a mixed methodology by implementing technical assessment, randomized controlled tests (RCT), and interviews with practitioners. The best out-of-distribution performance was the multimodal fusion and late ensembling (ensemble AUC 0.979 in-domain, 0.944 out-of-domain) and high-resistance to post-processing methods. Combini... Details

    Deepfakes, Misinformation, Detection, Provenance, Watermarking, Prebunking, Human–Ai Teaming

    (1) Muntaha Sami
    M.Phil, School of Media and Communication, Studies, Minhaj University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Zarwah Nabil
    Masters (In Development) Department of, Journalism, Institute of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Maryam Hashmi
    PhD Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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13 - The Impact of Religion on the Politics of District Attock, Punjab: A Case Study ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).13
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).13      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    The religious politics have significantly influenced the nature and direction of political system in Pakistan since the Islamization drive of Gen. Zia-ul-Haq in 1980s. The rise of religious political parties and the influence of their militant organizations had a deep impacts on the policy-making in Pakistan. Much has been written about the Islamization of Pakistan and the necessary steps taken by... Details

    Barailvi, Islamization, Electoral Politics, Religious, and Jand Tehsil

    (1) Mah-e-Kamil
    Research Scholar, Department of Pakistan Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology, KUST, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Mohammad Ayaz
    Lecturer/In-Charge Chairperson, Department of Pakistan Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology, KUST, KP, Pakistan.
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14 - Promises, Slogans, and Power: Political Campaigns in South Punjab’s 2018 El...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).14
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).14      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    The South Punjab general elections of 2018 turned into a fine synthesis of promises, rhetoric, and clashes for power that modified the entire political complexion of this region. Major parties campaigned among the economically deprived voters with populism and a regional narrative. They were all rejoicing in themes of development, provincial autonomy, and inclusion, but most of the time, these wer... Details

    South Punjab, 2018 Elections, Political Campaigns, Promises, Slogans, Power, Pti, Pml-N, Provincial Autonomy, Patron-Client Politics

    (1) Aqsa Sikkandar
    PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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15 - The Weaponization of Generative AI in Disinformation Campaigns ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).15
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-III).15      Published : Sep 2025

Abstract

    Generative AI reduces the price and speeds up disinformation, allowing multimodal creation and platform coordination in a brief time. This paper is an evaluation of its weaponization using a mixed-methods approach: (1) mass-detection of synthetic content and campaign form in the wild; (2) cross-modal detection and avoidance benchmark in text, image, audio, and video; (3) a preregistered experiment... Details

    Generative AI; Disinformation; Deepfakes; Multimodal; Detection; Provenance; Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior; Media Literacy; Network Analysis

    (1) Amrat Haq
    Assistant Professor, Department of Media and Communications, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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