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Volume-X

, Issue-II

(SPRING 2025)

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01 - Populism and the Erosion of Democratic Institutions of Pakistan: An Analysis (20...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).01
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).01      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    This research examines the deleterious impact of populism on democratic institutions, utilizing Pakistan as a case study. Notwithstanding its claims to speak for the majority, populism regularly endangers the democratic institutions that are intended to protect the rights of minorities, uphold the rule of law, and offer checks and balances. This article explores the implications of populism f... Details

    Democratic Institutions, Democratic principles, Pakistan, Populism, Political polarization

    (1) Muneeba Shahid
    PhD Scholar, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Asma Rashid
    Lecturer, Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan.
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02 - Imran Khan Behind Bars: A Comparative Mood Analysis of Objective and Subjective ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).02
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).02      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    Former Pakistani PM Imran Khan’s detention in May 2023 has ignited international media’s interests and protests. This research compares how three different newspapers i.e. The New York Times (NYT), Al Jazeera, and BBC have covered the said event using mood analysis based on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). By studying 20 examples from each newspaper, this research has compared th... Details

    Systemic Functional Linguistics; Mood Analysis; International Media News Reporting

    (1) Isha Razzaq Butt
    MPhil Scholar, Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Behzad Anwar
    Associate Professor, Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Nazia Anwar
    Lecturer, Department of English, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
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03 - Confidence Building Measures between India and Pakistan: A Critical Analysis of ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).03
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).03      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    This article delves into the evolution and impact of confidence building measures (CBMs) between India and Pakistan during the tenure of General Pervez Musharraf, a period marked by heightened tensions, diplomatic breakdowns, and cautious reconciliation. After the nuclear tests and the kargil war, the relations between India and Pakistan were greatly strained. Nevertheless, the Musharraf era also ... Details

    Confidence Building Measures (CBMs), India, Pakistan, General Musharraf era, Non-state Actors

    (1) Rashida Hanif
    M.Phil. Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Ghulam Mustafa
    Associate Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Adnan Nawaz
    Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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04 - Maritime Stability of Strait of Hormuz: A Critical Analysis ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).04
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).04      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    Energy commerce is crucial for both developed and developing nations due to the rising need for energy worldwide. Energy may be transported economically and environmentally via maritime routes, particularly those that cross the Strait of Hormuz. The only marine route for exporting to Europe, Asia, Africa, and major powers is the Persian Gulf, which is home to enormous oil and gas deposits. Because... Details

    The Strait of Hormuz, Major Powers, Persian Gulf, Blue Economy, Middle East, Europe, Asia, Africa

    (1) Muhammad Huzaifa Shahzad
    BS Scholar, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Bilal Bin Liaqat
    Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Imran Wakil
    Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
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05 - The Evolving Role of Islam in Pakistan’s Political Landscape: A Comparative...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).05
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).05      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    Thus, this study explores the role of Islam in politics in Pakistan from a multidimensional perspective by looking at the evolution of Islam in shaping the political agenda under civilian and military regimes. Over the years, some politicians and leaders have found Islam as a useful political tool to legitimize their military rule. The research showed the changing way of implementation of Islamic ... Details

    Islam, Pakistan, Political Regimes, Governance, Islamization, Political Legitimacy, Religious Movements

    (1) Irum Malik
    Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Anwar
    Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Tazeem Imran
    Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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06 - The Evolution of Federalism in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects Post-18th Amen...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).06
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).06      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    The concept of federalism in Pakistan has changed considerably since 1947, given the relevance of the issue between the tension among democratization, central authority, and provincial autonomy. However, the 2010 18th Constitutional Amendment was instrumental in that the power was taken away from the central government to the provinces. This research focuses on the history of federalism in Pakista... Details

    Federalism, 18th Amendment, Devolution, Provincial Autonomy, Intergovernmental Relations, Pakistan Constitution, Governance

    (1) Munazza Mubarak
    Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Uzma Malik
    Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Umbreen Akhtar
    Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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07 - Visualizing Legitimation: Photographic Strategies in the Autobiographies of Paki...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).07
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).07      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    Political autobiographies, especially those written by military dictators, have rich political agendas, as they are carefully crafted narratives designed to legitimize their power. This paper examines the use of photographs in the autobiographies of two Pakistani military dictators: Ayub Khan’s Friends Not Masters (1967) and Pervez Musharraf’s In the Line of Fire (2006). The analysis f... Details

    Autobiography, Political Discourse, Political Photographs, Legitimation, Visual Analysis, Ayub Khan, Pervez Musharraf, Multimodal Discourse

    (1) Fariha Asghar Rao
    PhD Scholar, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Sarwat Jabeen
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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08 - Digital Deception: Analyzing The Role of Russia’s AI-Powered Bot Farms in t...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).08
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).08      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    In the contemporary era, artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly advanced, especially with its use in social media through fake bot accounts as a means for propaganda. This research looks into the Russian AI-operated bot farms and how they exacerbated the political disinformation campaigns during the U.S. election debate in 2024. The focus is on how these bots are said to generate and esc... Details

    Russian AI-Powered Bot Farms, Computational Propaganda Theory, Political Discourse, U.S. Elections, Public Distrust, Generative Adversarial Networks

    (1) Maha Abbas
    Graduate Student, Department of International Relations, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Sobia Hanif
    Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Samrana Afzal
    Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
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09 - Exploring the selected American texts through Marxism and Foucauldian Discourse:...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).09
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).09      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    This study examines the ways in which four significant American essays Walt Whitman's "Preface to Leaves of Grass", Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Self-Reliance", Thomas Paine's "Common Sense", and Thomas Jefferson's "Declaration of Independence" express potent concepts of equality, justice, freedom, and revolt. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, content analysis, and closely analyzes t... Details

    American Literature, Revolutionary Ideas, Marxist Literary Theory, Democracy, Content Analysis

    (1) Saman Salah
    Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Pakistan.
    (2) Khair Un-Nisa Azeem
    MPhil Scholar, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Pakistan.
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10 - Operation Banyan al Marsoos 2025: A Landmark Demonstration of Pakistan's Strateg...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).10
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).10      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    Operation Banyan al Marsoos 2025 profoundly influenced the IndiaPakistan conflict, demonstrating that Pakistan has exhibited significant strategic military acumen as well as advanced technical capabilities in contemporary warfare. The operation was launched following a rise in tensions and incorporated the use of state-of-the-art technologies, including cyber warfare, unmanned aerial systems, prec... Details

    Operation Banyan al Marsoos, IndiaPakistan Conflict, Modern Warfare, Military technology, Regional Security Dynamics, Military innovation, Defense strategy. Geopolitical Implications

    (1) Bashir Ahmad
    Assistant Professor, Department of History, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Zeeshan Naseer
    Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Govt MAO Graduate College Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
    (3) Sahera Khatoon
    Ph.D. Scholar, Centre for South Asian Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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11 - Beyond Human Limits: Artificial Intelligence and the Redefinition of Efficiency ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).11
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).11      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    This paper examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can support Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) by making it more efficient, accessible, and cost-effective. While ADR has traditionally offered a less complex alternative to litigation, the increasing complexity of modern disputes demands more robust solutions. AI offers notable potential to enhance ADR by analyzing data, identifying patterns,... Details

    Artificial Intelligence, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Efficiency, Predictive Analytics, Legal Technology

    (1) Sanaullah Aman
    CEO Saarosh ADR Center, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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12 - Language of the Climate Crisis: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Climate Activis...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).12
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).12      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    This study analyzes the language of climate activism using a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach, which reveals how activists construct urgency, moral responsibility, and systemic critique. The dataset comprises over 800 texts produced between 2018 and 2024, including speeches, social media posts, and protest signs. The study identifies rhetorical strategies that promote solidarity and mobi... Details

    Climate Activism, Critical Discourse Analysis, Rhetoric, Climate Justice, Linguistic Strategies

    (1) Syed Shameel Ahmed Quadri
    Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
    (2) Sidra Saleem
    Lecturer, Iqra Institute of Science and Humanities, Jehangira, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Francesco Ernesto Alessi Longa
    Faculty Member, Department of International Law, Azteca University, San Antonio, 56600 Chalco de Díaz Covarrubias, Mexico.
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13 - The Political Dynamics of Fiscal Federalism in Pakistan: Central-Provincial Conf...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).13
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).13      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    This study examines the intricate dynamics of Pakistan's fiscal federalism, with particular emphasis on center–province disputes and their effects on regional economic inequality. Despite constitutional pledges to decentralize especially following the 7th National Finance Commission (NFC) Award and the 18th Constitutional Amendment Pakistan continues to exhibit both vertical and horizontal f... Details

    Fiscal Federalism, NFC Award, Provincial Disparities, Political Economy

    (1) Azra Amir
    Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Chitral, KP Pakistan.
    (2) Jahangir Alam
    Lecturer, Department of Political Science, University of Chitral, KP Pakistan.
    (3) Yasir Arafat
    Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Chitral, KP Pakistan.
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14 - Deepfakes and the Crisis of Media Credibility ...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).14
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).14      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    The deepfakes pose a threat to journalism and trust. This paper investigates the effect of unlabeled and disclosed synthetic media on credibility decisions and behaviors. The four-arm survey experiment (N=1,000) involved showing participants clips which were labeled as authentic, deepfake, deepfake with a label of an AI, and authentic with a deepfake warning. Some of the major findings are message... Details

    Deepfakes, Media Credibility, Disclosure Labels, Provenance, Media Literacy, Misinformation, Liar’s Dividend

    (1) Maryam Hashmi
    PhD Scholar, Department of Media and Communication Studies, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Zarwah Nabil
    Masters (In Development), Department of, Journalism, Institute of Communication Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Sahar Saleem
    Mphil, School of journalism and Communication, Wuhan University, Hubei, P.R China.
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15 - Exploring the Socio-Cultural Challenges to Women Poll Workers in General Electio...

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).15
10.31703/gpr.2025(X-II).15      Published : Jun 2025

Abstract

    Women poll workers play a vital role in conducting free and fair elections in Pakistan. The present study explored the social, cultural, and economic challenges women poll workers faced during the general elections of 2024 in Pakistan. Qualitative research with in-depth interviews of seven women poll workers was conducted in Malakand, Pakistan. The study explored that the mobility of women poll wo... Details

    Women, Poll Workers, Social, Challenges, Elections, Malakand, Pakistan

    (1) Adeeba
    MPhil Scholar, Political Science Department, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Manzoor Hussain
    Lecturer, Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Hussain Ali
    Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
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