ISSUE

Volume-VI

, Issue-I

(WINTER 2021)

  1. HOME
  2. ISSUE

01 - India's Claim for Pacifism & Arms Modernization: Changing Postures and Outcomes

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).01
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).01      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This article highlights the aims under Indian Prime Minister Modi concerning to foreign policy of India since 2014. Moreover, it determines those factors that are working as an impetus along with great powers intentions and motives behind them in playing such geostrategic politics in different dimensions, specifically in the nuclear relationship of India and Pakistan. It will also be summarised th... Details

    No First Use, Pacifism, Interests-Roles, Foreign Policy, Future Prospects, Pakistan, India

    (1) Muhammad Umer Hayat
    Senior Assistant Professor, Department Humanities and Social Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Alina Zaid
    MS Scholar, Department of International Relations, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Farrukh Shahzad
    Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

02 - Leadership, Idiosyncrasies, and Political Behaviour: Personality Analyses of Pre

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).02
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).02      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    How do leaders' idiosyncrasies are developed, and how do these, in turn, impact their political behaviour? This study traces the idiosyncratic behaviour of Presidents Andrew Jackson and Donald Trump. It details four historical traditions - Hamiltonian, Wilsonian, Jeffersonian, and Jacksonian. The study expands upon Jacksonian tradition and sees that how Trump pursued this tradition and how is his ... Details

    Andrew Jackson, Donald Trump, Idiosyncrasy, Leadership, Political Personality profiling, Populism

    (1) Muhammad Nadeem Mirza
    Faculty Member, School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad. Pakistan.
    (2) Summar Iqbal Babar
    Faculty Member, School of Politics and International Relations, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad. Pakistan.
    (3) Farheen Qasim Nizamani
    Faculty Member, Department of Media & Communication Studies, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

03 - Preserving Distinctive Identity through Cultural Revival: An Analysis of Sindhi

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).03
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).03      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Islam The paper intends to address the fundamental question that whether the movement for cultural revival in Sindh during the One-Unit period was a surrogate effort for the achievement of political goals or it was an effort by the Sindhi intelligentsia to protect Sindhi culture against the government's patronized onslaught of foreign cultures and to ensure the survival of cultural personality of ... Details

    Sindh, Culture, Ethnic, Identity, Indigenous/Native Sindhi's

    (1) Sultan Mubariz Khan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Misbah Shaheen
    Lecturer, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Jawad Hashmi
    Lecturer, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

04 - Post 9/11 Trends: Bush to Obama to Trump (Multilateralism and Peace Initiatives

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).04
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).04      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The overall U.S. strategy in Afghanistan lacks clarity and consistently coordinated efforts/policies to bring peace in the war-torn country. From the Bush to Obama and Trump administrations, the situation remains complex, and ambiguity prevails on the future of Afghanistan and achievements; therefore, the U.S. needs to think outside the box to emerge from this turbulent 19 years-long war. No singl... Details

    Post 9/11, Anti-Terrorism, Multilateralism, Peace Initiatives, Foreign Policy, Afghan War, Obama, Peace Building, Pakistan

    (1) Waseem Khokhar
    Ph.D. Scholar, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Tahir Jamil
    Assistant Professor, Area Study Centre, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Qamar Abid Hussain
    Ph.D. Department of Pakistan Studies, Bahuddian Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

05 - Impact of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on National Development and In

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).05
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).05      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Islam This research focuses on the impact of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on the national development and societal integration in Pakistan. Substantial literature is available on the geo-political and geo-economics of CPEC; however, a literature gap exists on the interplay of the domestic politics of Pakistan and the CPEC. I want to explore the intrinsic linkage of federal and provi... Details

    CPEC, National Development, National Integration, Disharmony

    (1) Shabnam Gul
    Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Waseem Ishaque
    Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Faizan Asghar
    MPhil, Peace & Counter Terrorism Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

06 - Pakistan USA Relations: Prospects & Dynamics in a New World Order

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).06
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).06      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The diplomatic relationship between Pakistan and United States is a matter of importance. It is a debate of strategic partnership and a tale of friendship. Systematically the relationship was born in 1947 to have a direct entry of the United States in the region of South Asia. Hence both states worked on a bundle of agreements to strengthen their relationship. However, there was a turn of events t... Details

    Pakistan, USA, New World Order, Ayub khan Era, Cold War

    (1) Asmatullah
    PhD Scholar, National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Hanif Khalil
    Associate Professor, National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

07 - Role of CPEC in Energy and Industrial Development of Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).07
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).07      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been identified as a "game-changer" for Pakistan. Pakistan is facing two vital issues in recent times; one, the energy crisis and second, the lack of industrial capabilities. This paper explores that how CPEC is helpful in resolving the issue of the energy crisis in Pakistan. The industrial development in Pakistan through the CPEC project is also discuss... Details

    Pakistan, CPEC, Energy. Industry

    (1) Muqarrab Akbar
    Chairman, Department of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Tahir Hassan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Mian Tahir Ashraf
    Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

08 - Political Content and Television Channels in Pakistan: Investigating the Profess

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).08
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).08      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This study analyzes the content and Presentation of the Panama issue in Pakistan's two leading TV channels; Geo TV and ARY TV. Through the content analysis technique, it was found that both the channels professionally present the controversy on the Panama issue in terms of camera techniques, music, and other production skills. However, the content was very sensational on both channels. Separately,... Details

    Sensational Presentation, Sensational Coverage, Professional, Panama Leaks, ARY, Geo News

    (1) Ayesha Zahid
    Visiting Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Malik Adnan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Ayesha Qamar
    Lecturer, Department of Communication and Media Studies, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

09 - Intelligence Cooperation and National Security Shift of Pakistan

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).09
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).09      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The concept of intelligence cooperation and national security is not new, particularly after realism which interpreted these concepts with different perspectives. International states are sovereign, and they got the capacity to secure themselves from internal and external threats, i.e., army is a key to state security as it can attack the enemy to protect its borders. States are not all the time h... Details

    Conflict, Security, Intelligence, Cooperation

    (1) Muhammad Faizan Asgher
    MPhil, Peace & Counter Terrorism Studies, Minhaj University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Shabnam Gul
    Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

10 - Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR): From Introduction to Abolition

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).10
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).10      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    When the British arrived at the North-West Frontier, it adopted several special measures to crush the resistance from Pashtun tribes and safeguard colonial interests. One of these special measures was the introduction of FCR, which was introduced to increase the conviction rate in criminal cases without the requirements of due process of law. This paper tries to present a detailed account of FCR f... Details

    FCR, Jirga, FATA, Territorial Responsibility, Collective Responsibility

    (1) Noor Hamid Khan Mahsud
    Associate Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Mian Saeed Ahmad
    Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Wasai
    PhD Scholar, Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

11 - Political Discussions on Social Media in Pakistan and Obstinate Partisanship

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).11
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).11      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    With the rise of social media over the last two decades, people have become more polarized and rigid in their views. Social interactions on social media networks are affecting political behaviors and making people obstinate partisans. The term obstinate partisanship was coined by Ardevol-Abreu and Gil de Zuniga (2020) and referred to the blind, unconditional loyalty to a certain political party. T... Details

    Offline Political Discussions, Social Media Use, Online Political Discussions, Echo Chambers, and Obstinate Partisanship

    (1) Ifra Iftikhar
    Associate Professor, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Irem Sultana
    Assistant Professor, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Malik Adnan
    Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

12 - National Action Plan and Universities: An Assessment of Students Perception in M

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).12
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).12      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The study aimed to assess students perceptions of the National Action Plan and the impact on the attitudes of South Punjab University students. The study was reserved for male and female students studying at selected universities in South Punjab in 2016. Systematic random sampling was used to draw the sample. The total sample consists of 539 students. A questionnaire (5-point Likert Scale) was pre... Details

    Deteriorate, Abstain, Intimidate, Legitimate, Execution, Combating, Crackdown, Jurisdiction, Security, Indispensable

    (1) Asghar Ali
    PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal
    Assistant professor, Department of Special Education, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Ramzan
    PhD Scholar, Department of Education, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

13 - An Assessment of the Emergence of Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) in Khyber Pakhtu

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).13
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).13      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Though Pakistani politics is heavily influenced by religion assumed to be the reason d'etat of the creation of Pakistan, prior to 2002, religious, political parties had never achieved effective electoral results. The October 2002 elections for the National and Provincial Assemblies were a turning point for the religious, political parties in the history of Pakistan. It was the first time that a co... Details

    Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakhtun Nationalism, Religious Political Parties, Election

    (1) Jamal Shah
    Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Government Post Graduate College, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Zahir Shah
    Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Syed Ali Shah
    Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

14 - Zionism and Identity Crisis: Ethnic Conflict between Israelis and Palestinians

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).14
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).14      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The Palestine issue is attributed to be the most complicated problem in the region of the Middle East. However, few researchers analyze the problem through the lens of ethnic conflict. This research paper investigates that the use of Zionism as a metaphor for colonialism and its role in fostering an ethnic conflict between Israeli and Palestinians. Qualitative content analysis is used to analyze s... Details

    Ethnic Conflict, Zionism, Colonialism, Identity, Ethno-Nationalism, Secession

    (1) Muhammad Owais
    Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

15 - Women's Emancipation during Musharraf Era (1999-2008)

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).15
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).15      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Women liberation and efforts to achieve equal domestic and social rights struggle hard in a patriarchal society. Feminism is strongly inculcating the idea of gender equality to avoid discriminatory behaviors. The present research aims to study the phenomenon of women emancipation during the Musharraf era. Pakistan is a patriarchal society where men exercise their power over powerless female member... Details

    Women Emancipation, Patriarchy, Feminism

    (1) Shazia Noareen
    PhD Scholar, Department of History & Pakistan Studies, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Asmat Naz
    Professor, Department of History & Pakistan Studies, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

16 - Perception of Youth Regarding PM Nawaz Shareef on Panama Leaks Issue: A Case Stu

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).16
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).16      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Panama Papers are almost a set of 11.5 million documents that were leaked privately. This study contributes to the impact that media poses in changing the opinion of individuals over issues, events or news. The information was collected through survey methodology in which the researcher divided the University students into 5 categories from whom the information was collected; these categories incl... Details

    Nawaz Shareef, Panama Leaks, University, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Students, University

    (1) Chaudhary Husnain Yousaf
    MPhil Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjan, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Imran
    Lecturer Journalism, Government Degree College, Qadir Pur Ran, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Syed Shah Zaib Naqvi
    MPhil Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjan, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

17 - Peeking into Afghan's history: A study from 1988 to 2010

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).17
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).17      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The study will elaborate the Afghan historical events that took place right after the Geneva accord of 1988 when USSR forces pullout from the country till 2010. The article will explain the emergence of the Taliban and their establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Moreover, the paper will elaborate on the Taliban's nexus with al-Qaeda and their efforts to settle them in Afghanistan. F... Details

    Afghanistan, US, ISAF, Taliban, withdrawal, 9/11, NATO troops

    (1) Syed Umair Jalal
    (M.Phil. in Political Science), SST, Government Higher Secondary School, Kati Garhi, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Bakhtiar Khan
    Assistant Professor. Department of Political Science, University of Buner, Buner, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Usman Ullah
    M.Phil. Scholar, Department of Politics & IR, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

18 - A Case Study of Media Growth and its Impact on Socio-Political Development of Pa

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).18
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).18      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The dawn of the 21st Century brings with itself a greater power, "The Media". Media is growing all around and has a major impact on all the spectra of life. The present study is about the impact of media growth on the social and political development of Pakistan during the period 1999 to 2009. This research study is based on the objectives to know about what impact and up to what extent has the me... Details

    Media Growth, Socio-Political Development, Pakistan, Kyber Pakhtunkhwa

    (1) Muhammad Altaf Khan
    PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Qurtuba University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Taj Moharram Khan
    Professor/Chairman, Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Nisar
    PhD Scholar, Institute of Business & Management Sciences FMCS, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

19 - Aristotelian Rhetoric and the Politics of Persuasion: A Study of Imran Khan's Ve

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).19
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).19      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This paper explores the politics of persuasion with special reference to Imran Khan's venture into politics. Influenced and inspired by Aristotle, he effectively used various methods of persuasion, including ethos, pathos and logos, to convince the audience to come out in large numbers and support his cause. Imran Khan was in a better position to act effectively in accordance with the features ann... Details

    Sit-in, Imran Khan, Ethos, Pathos, Logos, Aristotle

    (1) Shaista Gohar
    Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Summayya
    Visiting Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Bushra Seemab
    Visiting Lecturer, Department of Pakistan Studies, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

20 - Future Implications of CPEC: A Descriptive Analysis of Cultural Impact of China-

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).20
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).20      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Nowadays regional as well as global spirits are being changed because of the strong relationship between Pakistan and China. Pakistan is getting richness and advancement with the influence of the magnificent platform of china. The relationship of both countries bonds in the shape of the china-Pak economic corridor (CPEC)project, which has been a great fact to maintain the relationship of Pakistan ... Details

    China-Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC), Future Perspective, Cultural Impact, Pakistani Culture, Chinese Culture

    (1) Maria Nisar
    School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
    (2) Rana Imran Ali
    Faculty English, Virtual University of Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Muhammad Asif
    School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
PDF Fulltext

21 - What Went Wrong with National Action Plan in Pakistan? An Analysis

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).21
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).21      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    The 2014s APS incident shook the entire state apparatus,which caused all the stakeholders to sit and join hands to effectively deal with terrorism. The ultimate outcome was the formulation of the National Action Plan (NAP), which provided for a twenty points comprehensive plan to uproot terrorism. The plan was the reflection of Government resilience to show zero tolerance for terrorist networks.Ho... Details

    National Action Plan, Terrorism, Army Public School, Al-Qaeda, TTP

    (1) Hakeem Said
    PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
    (2) Brekhna Gul
    Lecturer in Political Science, University College for Women, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Aneela Akbar
    Demonstrator, Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

22 - Role of News and Current Affairs Channels in Creating Political Awareness Among

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).22
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).22      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    Today, electronic media are playing an essential role in altering public opinion and political structure in a country.The role of electronic media is specifically significant in Pakistan as Pakistan has a larger and more vibrantly active Media landscape. The study also investigates the relevant effects of media content on Pakistani youth. The researcher employed the case study method and randomly ... Details

    Public Opinion, Political Awareness, Media Role, Voting Behaviour

    (1) Fizza Kaukab
    Visiting Faculty, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Saadia Anwar Pasha
    Assistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
    (3) Sana Ali
    MPhil Scholar, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
PDF Fulltext

23 - The Dying Temples of Hindus and Sikhs in Potohar Plateau: A Case Study of Katas

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).23
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).23      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This paper evaluates the impact of partition on the historical temples of Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistan, especially in the Rawalpindi division. This paper will discuss a case study of Katas Raj's temples. Katas Raj temples are located in the Chakwal district of the Potohar Plateau. The ancient Katas Raj temples are inscribed in the list of UNESCO World Heritage. This paper consists of three section... Details

    Katas Raj Temples, Sacred Pond, Dying Heritage, Renovation Projects

    (1) Naveed Ahmed Gondal
    PhD Scholar, Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Sadeed Arif
    Assistant Professor, Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext

24 - The Application of Marxism in the Short Story "The Moustache" by Tariq Rahman

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).24
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).24      Published : Mar 2021

Abstract

    This study aims to delineate the idea that the working class is exploited due to economic disparity and social inequality. The sufferings of the lower class aggravate and it pretends to behave like the owner class through physical appearances. According to Marxism, the subjugation of the lower class is caused by the lack of opportunities and dispossession to own the means of production. The study ... Details

    Marxism, Class Struggle, Bourgeoisie, Proletaria

    (1) Sana Hussan
    Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
    (2) Gohar Rahman
    M. Phil. Scholar, Department of English, Islamia College University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Ayaz Ahmad Aryan
    Lecturer, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KP, Pakistan.
PDF Fulltext
================================================== -->