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POST 911 TRENDS BUSH TO OBAMA TO TRUMP MULTILATERALISM AND PEACE INITIATIVES IN AFGHANISTAN

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04 Pages : 37-49

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).04      10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).04      Published : Mar 2021

Post 9/11 Trends: Bush to Obama to Trump (Multilateralism and Peace Initiatives in Afghanistan)

Abstract

    The overall U.S. strategy in Afghanistan lacks clarity and consistently coordinated efforts/policies to bring peace in the war-torn country. From the Bush to Obama and Trump administrations, the situation remains complex, and ambiguity prevails on the future of Afghanistan and achievements; therefore, the U.S. needs to think outside the box to emerge from this turbulent 19 years-long war. No single country can bring peace and security in Afghanistan due to its complex and diverse nature of issues, its history of conflicts and unsettled domestic issues, which divided the nation into different tribes and factions. The continuity in using soft and smart powers, a multilateral approach, along with Principal-Agent theory, would help to further pave the way forward for bringing peace in Afghanistan. The consistent approach towards state-building and nationbuilding took by U.S. coalitions, and the U.N. will have a positive impact and create a consensus to develop a peaceful and stable Afghanistan.

    Post 9/11, Anti-Terrorism, Multilateralism, Peace Initiatives, Foreign Policy, Afghan War, Obama, Peace Building, Pakistan

    (1) Waseem Khokhar
    Ph.D. Scholar, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Tahir Jamil
    Assistant Professor, Area Study Centre, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Qamar Abid Hussain
    Ph.D. Department of Pakistan Studies, Bahuddian Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Cite this article

APA

    APA : Khokhar, W., Jamil, T., & Hussain, Q. A. (2021). Post 9/11 Trends: Bush to Obama to Trump (Multilateralism and Peace Initiatives in Afghanistan). Global Political Review, VI(I), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).04

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Khokhar, Waseem, Tahir Jamil, and Qamar Abid Hussain. 2021. "Post 9/11 Trends: Bush to Obama to Trump (Multilateralism and Peace Initiatives in Afghanistan)." Global Political Review, VI (I): 37-49 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).04

HARVARD

    HARVARD : KHOKHAR, W., JAMIL, T. & HUSSAIN, Q. A. 2021. Post 9/11 Trends: Bush to Obama to Trump (Multilateralism and Peace Initiatives in Afghanistan). Global Political Review, VI, 37-49.

MHRA

    MHRA : Khokhar, Waseem, Tahir Jamil, and Qamar Abid Hussain. 2021. "Post 9/11 Trends: Bush to Obama to Trump (Multilateralism and Peace Initiatives in Afghanistan)." Global Political Review, VI: 37-49

MLA

    MLA : Khokhar, Waseem, Tahir Jamil, and Qamar Abid Hussain. "Post 9/11 Trends: Bush to Obama to Trump (Multilateralism and Peace Initiatives in Afghanistan)." Global Political Review, VI.I (2021): 37-49 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Khokhar, Waseem, Jamil, Tahir, and Hussain, Qamar Abid (2021), "Post 9/11 Trends: Bush to Obama to Trump (Multilateralism and Peace Initiatives in Afghanistan)", Global Political Review, VI (I), 37-49

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Khokhar, Waseem, Tahir Jamil, and Qamar Abid Hussain. "Post 9/11 Trends: Bush to Obama to Trump (Multilateralism and Peace Initiatives in Afghanistan)." Global Political Review VI, no. I (2021): 37-49. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).04