http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).03
10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).03
Published : Mar 2021
Preserving Distinctive Identity through Cultural Revival: An Analysis of Sindhi Nationalist Movement during One-Unit Era
Islam The paper intends to address the fundamental question that whether the movement for cultural revival in Sindh during the One-Unit period was a surrogate effort for the achievement of political goals or it was an effort by the Sindhi intelligentsia to protect Sindhi culture against the government's patronized onslaught of foreign cultures and to ensure the survival of cultural personality of indigenous Sindhis. The abolishment of Sindh's provincial status in 1955 to create a unified province of West Pakistan, also called as One-Unit, had triggered a campaign in Sindh to regain the provincial status. The political environment was not permissible for any overt political agitation, so a vigorous campaign for cultural revival spearheaded by the intelligentsia and educated youth emerged with vigor. The study focuses on investigating the goals and objectives of the movement by qualitative analysis of data and concludes that the movement endeavoured to protect and strengthen the distinctive cultural personality of indigenous Sindhis within Pakistan.
-
Sindh, Culture, Ethnic, Identity, Indigenous/Native Sindhi's
-
(1) Sultan Mubariz Khan
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Misbah Shaheen
Lecturer, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Muhammad Jawad Hashmi
Lecturer, Department of Political Science & IR, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Aalvi, H. (1989). Nationhood and the Nationalities in Pakistan. Economic and Political Weekly, 24(27), 1527-1534.
- Ahmed, F. (1999). Ethnicity and Politics in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
- Ali, B. (1992). Political Forces in Sindh
- Ali, M. (2008). Sindh: Khamoshi Ki Awaz. Lahore : Progressive Publishers.
- Amin, T. (1988). Ethno-national movements of Pakistan: Domestic and International Factors. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies.
- Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
- Bhutto, B. (1988). National Problem in Sindh and its impact on the federation. Sindh Quarterly, 15(2).
- Brass, P. R. (1979). Elite Groups, Symbol Manipulation, and Ethnic Identity among the Muslims of South Asia. In D. Taylor, & M. Yapp, Political Identity in South Asia (pp. 879-911). London: Curzon Press.
- Brass, P. R. (1991). Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory und Comparison. New Delhi: Sage.
- Breuilly, J. (1994). Nationalism and the State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Burki, S. J., & Baxter, C. (1991). Pakistan under the military, Eleven years of Zia-ul-Haq. San Francisco: Westview Press.
- Calhoun, C. (1993). Nationalism and Civil Society: Democracy, Diversity and Self Determination. International Sociology, 8(4), 387-411.
- Choudhry, Z. (1997). Pakistan Ki Siasi Taarikh. Lahore: Adara-i- Mutalai Taarekh.
- Connor, W. (1972). Nation Building or Nation Destroying? World Politics, 24(3), 319- 355.
- Connor, W. (1994). Ethno nationalism: The Quest for Understanding. Princeton: Princeton University Press
- Conversi, D. (2004). Ethno nationalism in the Contemporary World: Walker Connor and the Study of Nationalism. London: Psychology Press.
- Gellner, E. (1983). Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Harrison, S. S. (1987). Ethnicity and Political Stalemate in Pakistan. In A. B. Weiner, the State, Religion and Ethnic Politics: Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan (pp. 267- 298). Lahore: Vanguard Books.
- Harrison, S. S. (1992).
- Hechter, M. (2000). Containing Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Hobsbawm, E. J. (1993). Mass-producing traditions: Europe, 1870-1914. In E. J. Hobsbawm, & T. O. Ranger, the Invention of Tradition (pp. 263-307). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Hobsbawm, E. J. (1994). The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991. New York: Pantheon.
- Hobsbawm, E. J. (1994). The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991. New York: Pantheon.
- Hussain, A. (2000). Peregrinations of Pakistani Nationalism. In L. Michael, Asian Nationalism (pp. 126-152). London: Routledge.
- Hutchinson, J. (1999). Re-interpreting Cultural Nationalism. Australian Journal of Politics and History, 3(45), 392-409.
- Hutchinson, J. (2008). National Thought in Europe: A Cultural History by Joep Leerssen. Nations and Nationalism, 2(14), 403-405.
- Iram, K. (2009). Economic Development: A View from the Provinces. Lahore: Centre for Research in Business and Economics.
- Jameel, M. (2004). Jadeed Sindhi Adab. Karachi: Academy Bazyaft.
- Joyo, M. I. (2005). The Betrayal: Sindh Bides the Day for Freedom. Hyderabad: Sindhi Adeeban Ji Sahkari Sangat.
- Kennedy, C. H. (1991). The Politics of Ethnicity in Sindh. Asian Survey, 31(10), 938-955.
- Khan, M. A. (1967). Friends not Masters: A Political Autobiography. London: Oxford University Press
- Khan, S. M., & Mushtaq, M. (2017). Sindhi Ethno-national Movement: Question of Provincial Autonomy. Pakistan Vision, 18(2), 32-49.
- Khuhro, H. (1998). Mohammad Ayub Khuhro, A Life of Courage in Politics. Karachi: Feroz Sons.
- Korejo, M. S. (2000). G.M. Syed: An Analysis of His Political Perspectives. Karachi: Oxford University Press
- Kymlicka, W. (2004). Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Citizenship. Philosophical Quarterly, 54(215), 341-343.
- Loury, G. C. (1999). Social Exclusion and Ethnic Groups: The Challenge to Economics. Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics.
- Maiz, R. (2003). Framing the Nation: Three Rival Versions of Contemporary Nationalist Ideology. Journal of Political Ideologies, 8(3), 251-269.
- Malik, H. (1975). Problems of Regionalism in Pakistan. In W. H. Wriggins, Pakistan in Transition (pp. 69-132). Islamabad: Islamabad University Press
- Malik, I. H. (1997). State and Civil Society in Pakistan: Politics of Authority, Ideology and Ethnicity. Oxford: St. Antony's- Macmillan Series.
- Maniruzzaman, T. (1967). National Integration and Political Development in Pakistan. Asian Survey, 7(12), 876-885.
- Nizamani, K. (1973, April 08). Khalis Adab ke Naam Per Beadabian. Haftroza Lail-o- Nahar, 136(3), pp. 15-16.
- Qureshi, A. H. (1970, March 02). Hyderabad ke Hungamae: Waqiat ki Roshni maen Haqiqi Asbab kaa Jaaiza. Haftroza Lail- o-Nahar, 8(26), pp. 5-10.
- Qureshi, A. H. (1970, March 16). Hyderabad ke hungamae: Waqiat ki Roshni maen Haqiqi Asbab kaa Jaaiza. Haftroza Lail- o-Nahar, 8(28), pp. 6-9.
- Rehman, T. (1995). Language and Politics in a Pakistan Province: The Sindhi Language Movement. Asian Survey, 35(11), 1005- 1016.
- Rehman, T. (1997). Language and Politics in Pakistan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Samad, Y. (1995). A Nation in Turmoil: Nationalism and Ethnicity in Pakistan, 1937-1958. New York: Sage.
- Sayeed, K. B. (1968). Pakistan, the Formative Phase, 1857-1948. London: Oxford University Press
- Sayeed, K. B. (1980). Politics in Pakistan: The Nature and Direction of Change. New York: Praeger.
- Shah, M. A. (1997). The Foreign Policy of Pakistan. Ethnic impacts on Diplomacy. London: I.B.Tauris &Co.
- Siddiqi, F. H. (2012). The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan: The Baloch, Sindhi and Mohajir Ethnic Movements. New York: Routledge.
- Smith, A. D. (1986). The Ethnic Origin of Nations. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Smith, A. D. (1999). Myths and Memories of the Nation. Oxford: Oxford University Press
- Smith, A. D. (2009). Ethno-symbolism and Nationalism: A Cultural Approach . London: Routledge.
- Syed, G. M. (1991). Sindhudesh: A Study in its Separate Identity through the Ages. Karachi: G. M. Syed Academy.
- Syed, G. M. (1995). The case of Sindh,: G.M. Sayed's. Deposition for the Court. Karachi: Naeen Sindh Academy.
- Syed, G. M. (1996). Shah Latif and his Message. Sehwan Sharif: Saeen Publishers.
- Tahir, T. A. (2010). Political Dynamics of Sindh, 1974-77. Karachi: Pakistan Study Center, University of Karachi.
- Veldeman, M. C. (2009). Cultural Nationalism in Late Nineteenth- Century Ireland, A Step Towards Political Separatism? Equivalences, 36(1), 145-155.
- Verkaaik, O. (2004). Migrants and Militants: Fun and Urban Violence in Pakistan. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Wimmer, A. (1997). Who Owns the State? Understanding the Ethnic Conflict in Post-colonial Societies. Nations and Nationalism, 3(4), 631-665.
- Wolpert, S. (1993). Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan: His Life and Times. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
- Ziring, L. (1980). Pakistan: Enigma of Political Development. Boulder: Westview Press.
Cite this article
-
APA : Khan, S. M., Shaheen, M., & Hashmi, M. J. (2021). Preserving Distinctive Identity through Cultural Revival: An Analysis of Sindhi Nationalist Movement during One-Unit Era. Global Political Review, VI(I), 24-36. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).03
-
CHICAGO : Khan, Sultan Mubariz, Misbah Shaheen, and Muhammad Jawad Hashmi. 2021. "Preserving Distinctive Identity through Cultural Revival: An Analysis of Sindhi Nationalist Movement during One-Unit Era." Global Political Review, VI (I): 24-36 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).03
-
HARVARD : KHAN, S. M., SHAHEEN, M. & HASHMI, M. J. 2021. Preserving Distinctive Identity through Cultural Revival: An Analysis of Sindhi Nationalist Movement during One-Unit Era. Global Political Review, VI, 24-36.
-
MHRA : Khan, Sultan Mubariz, Misbah Shaheen, and Muhammad Jawad Hashmi. 2021. "Preserving Distinctive Identity through Cultural Revival: An Analysis of Sindhi Nationalist Movement during One-Unit Era." Global Political Review, VI: 24-36
-
MLA : Khan, Sultan Mubariz, Misbah Shaheen, and Muhammad Jawad Hashmi. "Preserving Distinctive Identity through Cultural Revival: An Analysis of Sindhi Nationalist Movement during One-Unit Era." Global Political Review, VI.I (2021): 24-36 Print.
-
OXFORD : Khan, Sultan Mubariz, Shaheen, Misbah, and Hashmi, Muhammad Jawad (2021), "Preserving Distinctive Identity through Cultural Revival: An Analysis of Sindhi Nationalist Movement during One-Unit Era", Global Political Review, VI (I), 24-36
-
TURABIAN : Khan, Sultan Mubariz, Misbah Shaheen, and Muhammad Jawad Hashmi. "Preserving Distinctive Identity through Cultural Revival: An Analysis of Sindhi Nationalist Movement during One-Unit Era." Global Political Review VI, no. I (2021): 24-36. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2021(VI-I).03