Pakistan's Post 9/11 Alliance with the United States: Impacts on the Socioeconomic Security of Pakistan
Pakistan and the United States have had on-and-off relations since the former's inception. Post 9/11, shifts were observed in the foreign policy of the United States towards Pakistan, followed by a strategic shift in Pakistan’s approach towards its ally in Afghanistan. This study aims to analyze the impacts of the post-9/11 Pak-U.S. alliance on Pakistan's socioeconomic security by explaining the rise of terrorism as a consequence of the alliance and how it affected the social and economic security of the state. The theoretical framework focuses on John Mearsheimer’s theory of offensive realism. The study employs qualitative research methodology and focuses on secondary data. It argues that, as a consequence of the post-9/11 Pak-US alliance, the socioeconomic security of Pakistan was compromised. This study opines that a pragmatic foreign policy combined with a comprehensive national security approach is of paramount importance to Pakistan in the future to survive and progress.
-
Alliance, Economy, Foreign Policy, Socioeconomic security, Terrorism, United States and Pakistan
-
(1) Hafiz Sabir Khan
Graduate, Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
-
Abbasi, N. M. (2013). Impact of terrorism on Pakistan. Strategic Studies, 33(1), 33-68. Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad. https://www.issi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/1393573242_59579987.pdf
- Ahmad, S. (2018, July 24). Unleashing the potential of a young Pakistan. UNDP Human Development Reports. https://hdr.undp.org/content/unleashing-potential-young-pakistan
- Ali, A. (2010). Economic cost of terrorism: A case study of Pakistan. Strategic Studies, 30, 1-22. Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad. https://www.issi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/1299569657_66503137.pdf
- Arab News. (2021, September 2). ‘War on terror’ has cost Pakistan more than $150bn in losses since 9/11, officials say. Arab News. https://www.arabnews.com/node/1927131/world
- Batool, F., & Virk, H. F. (2022). From military operations to rehabilitation: A sociological perspective of counterterrorism in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Terrorism Research, 4, 1-15.
- CRSS. (2010). The cost of conflict in Pakistan. Center for Research and Security Studies.
- Dawn. (2008, November 8). Over 4,000 houses destroyed in Waziristan operation: Report. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/427451/over-4000-houses-destroyed-in-waziristan-operation-report
- Foundations. (2014). After the dead are counted: U.S. and Pakistani responsibilities to victims of drone strikes. Open Society Foundations. https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/publications/after-dead-are-counted-us-and-pakistani-responsibilities-victims-drone-strikes
- Haider, S., Heredero, D. C., Ahmad, M., & Dastgeer, S. (2015). Identifying causes of terrorism in Pakistan. The Dialogue, 10(3), 1-15.
- Hussain, S. (2019). Pakistan’s achievements in war on terror but at what cost: A special review of the current decade. Pakistan Institute for Peace Studies. https://www.pakpips.com/article/8065
- Hussain, T. (2016, September 16). FATA: Terrorists or victims of a covert war? Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2016/9/14/fata-terrorists-or-victims-of-a-covert-war/
- Hussain, T. (2021, March 30). The misunderstood history of Pakistan-US relations. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/the-misunderstood-history-of-pakistan-us-relations/
- Jabeen, M., Muhammad, M., & Goraya, N. (2010). Trends and challenges in Pak-US relations: Post. South Asian Studies, 25(2), 185-198. https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/csas/PDF/V_25_No_2_2010_501-01-Dr.%20M.%20Saleem%20Mazhar.pdf
- Jamshed, N., & Islam, U. F. (2021). Cost of Pakistan-US relationship after 9/11. Palarch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(7), 1-12.
- Kalim, S., & Janjua, F. (2018). #WeareUnited, cyber-nationalism during times of a national crisis: The case of a terrorist attack on a school in Pakistan. Discourse & Communication, 13(1), 68–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481318771448
- Katwani, M. K., & Abbasi, I. A. (2018). An overview of major military operations in the tribal areas of Pakistan. Journal of Academic and Social Research, 1(1), 1-15.
- Khalid, A. (2020). Impact of terrorism on the economy of Pakistan. Pakistan Vision, 21, 1-15. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2382808500?sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals
- Khan, M. K. (2016). When friends turned into enemies: The role of the national state vs. Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) in the war against terrorism in Pakistan. The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 28(4), 596-626.
- Malik, Z., & Zaman, K. (2013). Macroeconomic consequences of terrorism in Pakistan. Journal of Policy Modeling, 35(6), 1103–1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.08.002
-
Markey, D. (2013). No exit from Pakistan: America's tortured relationship with Islamabad. Cambridge University Press.Mearsheimer, J. (2001). The tragedy of great power politics. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Sattar, A. (2020). Pakistan's foreign policy. Oxford University Press.
- Shahid, M. R. (2014). Pakistan’s economic aid and losses in the war on terror. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 6(1), 10-15.
- Shahzad, S. J. H., Zakaria, M., Rehman, M. U., Ahmed, T., & Fida, B. A. (2015). Relationship between FDI, terrorism and economic growth in Pakistan: pre and post 9/11 analysis. Social Indicators Research, 127(1), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0950-5
- Tribune, E. (2019, April 2). Economist estimates Washington's war against terror cost Pakistan $252bn. The Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1942464/economist-counts-cost-washingtons-war
- Yamin, D. (2015). Examining Pakistan’s strategic decision to support the US war. Journal of Strategic Studies, 35(2), 113-135.
- Yusuf, M. (2014). Pakistan's counterterrorism challenge. Georgetown University Press.
- Zakaria, M., Jun, W., & Ahmed, H. (2019). Effect of terrorism on economic growth in Pakistan: an empirical analysis. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 1794–1812. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290
Cite this article
-
APA : Khan, H. S. (2024). Pakistan's Post 9/11 Alliance with the United States: Impacts on the Socioeconomic Security of Pakistan. Global Political Review, IX(IV), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2024(IX-IV).08
-
CHICAGO : Khan, Hafiz Sabir. 2024. "Pakistan's Post 9/11 Alliance with the United States: Impacts on the Socioeconomic Security of Pakistan." Global Political Review, IX (IV): 92-104 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2024(IX-IV).08
-
HARVARD : KHAN, H. S. 2024. Pakistan's Post 9/11 Alliance with the United States: Impacts on the Socioeconomic Security of Pakistan. Global Political Review, IX, 92-104.
-
MHRA : Khan, Hafiz Sabir. 2024. "Pakistan's Post 9/11 Alliance with the United States: Impacts on the Socioeconomic Security of Pakistan." Global Political Review, IX: 92-104
-
MLA : Khan, Hafiz Sabir. "Pakistan's Post 9/11 Alliance with the United States: Impacts on the Socioeconomic Security of Pakistan." Global Political Review, IX.IV (2024): 92-104 Print.
-
OXFORD : Khan, Hafiz Sabir (2024), "Pakistan's Post 9/11 Alliance with the United States: Impacts on the Socioeconomic Security of Pakistan", Global Political Review, IX (IV), 92-104
-
TURABIAN : Khan, Hafiz Sabir. "Pakistan's Post 9/11 Alliance with the United States: Impacts on the Socioeconomic Security of Pakistan." Global Political Review IX, no. IV (2024): 92-104. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2024(IX-IV).08