The Expansion of Shanghai Cooperation Organization: How can it Improve India-Pakistan Relations?
South Asia is one and only of the tiniest unified region in the world, with a consistent competition among India and Pakistan acting as a tentative wedge to regional cooperation through the SAARC. Nevertheless, India and Pakistan join the multilateral agreement; then both became permanent members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in 2017. Although, it is very initial to envisage that the rival relations of both countries influenced by the forum. This paper tries to explain alternative and possible openings for partnership in several ranges, especially in counterterrorism and security, which may be turning a positive influence on Indo-Pak relations. Further, the negative impression of India & Pakistan contentions on the SCO forum is very low, unlike SAARC. This research also seeks to explore the implications of SCO's engagements on the bilateral relations of India and Pakistan. These engagements may be about to resolve issues about the peace and stability in the nuclearized South Asia.
-
Indo-Pak Relations, Kashmir Conflict, Regional Organization, CPEC, SCO, Regional Integration, Conflict Management
-
(1) Zab-Un-Nisa
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Government Graduate College Samanabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(2) Gul-e-Zahra
PhD Scholar, Department of Political Science & International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
(3) Syed Waqas Ali Bokhari
MPhil International Relations, Department of Political Science & International Relations, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Ahmed, Z. S. (2013). Regionalism and Regional Security in South Asia: The Role of SAARC. New York: Routledge.
- Ahmed, Z. S. (2016). Pakistan-China Relations and Multilateralism: A Case Study of SAARC. In
- Ahmed, Z. S., & Bhatnaga, S. (2008). SAARC and Interstate Conflicts in South Asia: Prospects and Challenges for Regionalism. Pakistan Horizon, 69-87.
- Ahmed, Z. S., & Zahoor, M. (2018). Afghanistan in SAARC: A Critical Assessment of Organizational Expansion. South Asian Survey, 171-188.
- Ali, S. (2016, May 27). Pakistan May Link Gwadar to India-Funded Chabahar in Iran, Says Sartaj Aziz. Retrieved from Daily Pakistan: https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/business/pakistan-may-linkgwadar-to-india-funded-chabahar-in-iran-says-sartaj-aziz/
- Aris, S. (2009). The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation: 'Tackling the Three Evils'. A Regional Response to Non-Traditional Security Challenges or an Anti-Western Bloc? Europe-Asia Studies, 457-482.
- Aziz, S. (2015, October 28). Pakistan has some influence on Taliban but no control over them. Retrieved from THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE: https://tribune.com.pk/story/980666/pakistan-has-someinfluence-on-taliban-but-no-control-over-them-aziz/
- Bakshi, J. (2002). Shanghai Co-operation Organisation (SCO) Before and After September 11. Strategic Analysis, 265-276
- Bakshi, J., & Zeb, R. (2006). Pakistan and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 51-60.
- Banerjee, A. (2018, April 25). A First: India, Pak to be Part of SCO Military Drill in Russia. Retrieved from Tribune: http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/a-first-india-pak-to-be-part-of-sco-militarydrill-in-russia/579452.html
- Blank, S. (2013). Making Sense of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 39-49.
- Brandt, L., Rawski, T. G., & Zhu, X. (2007). International Dimension of China's Long Boom,
- Cai, P. (2016, September 2). Why India Distrusts China's One Belt One Road Initiative. Retrieved from Interprete: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/why-india-distrusts-chinas-one-beltone-road-initiative
- Chaturvedi, P., Hussain, Z., & Nag, B. (2015). SAARC Geopolitics and Trade: Missing Intra-Regional Connectivity a Hindrance to Further Economic Integration. South Asian Survey, 78-106.
- Das, K. C. (2017). The Making of One Belt, One Road and Dilemmas in South Asia. China Report, 125- 142.
- Dawn. (2018, May 24). Pakistan Calls for Ending Double Standards in Fight Against Terrorism. Retrieved from Dawn News: https://www.dawn.com/news/1409683
- Deng, Y. (2007). Remolding Great Power Politics: China's Strategic Partnerships with Russia, the European Union, and India. Journal of Strategic Studies, 863-903.
- Ganguly, S. (2016). Deadly Impasse: Indo-Pakistani Relations at the Dawn of a New Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- George, V. K. (2016, August 30). India-US sign military logistics pact. Retrieved from The Hindu: https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/India-US-sign-military-logisticspact/article14598282.ece
- Gurt, M. (2018, February 23). Leaders Launch Start of Afghan Section of TAPI Gas Pipeline. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkmenistan-afghanistan-gas-pipeline/leaderslaunch-start-of-afghan-section-of-tapi-gas-pipeline-idUSKCN1G70PU
- Haider, M. (2014, November 22). Pakistan wants Russian engagement in Afghan peace process. Retrieved from DAWN: https://www.dawn.com/news/1146194/pakistan-wants-russian-engagement-inafghan-peace-process
- Hasnat, S. F., & Awan, Z. (2016). Shanghai cooperation organization as a platform for regional understanding: Its economic, political and security potential. Perception, Spring, XXI/1,, 83-100.
- Hussain, A. (2014). The Politics of Regional Cooperation in South Asia: SAARC and Regional Order. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Ibragimova, G. (2015). What Are the Implications of India's and Pakistan's Accession to the SCO?
- Indian Express. (2016, June 25). India's SCO Membership Will Help Protect the Region: PM Modi. Indian Express: http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/indias-sco-membership-willhelp-protect-the-region-pm-modi-2873888/
- Kellogg, T. (2017, September 1). The China-India Border Standoff: What Does Beijing Want? Retrieved from Foreign Policy: http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/09/01/the-china-india-border-standoff-whatdoes-beijing-want/
- Khan, R. M. (2012). The Future Prospects of Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Journal of Contemporary Studies, 22-36.
- Korybko, A. (2015, September 15). Pakistan is the 'Zipper' of Pan-Eurasian Integration. Retrieved 31 July, 2019, from Russian Institute for Strategic Studies: https://en.riss.ru/analysis/18882/>
- Krickovic, A. (2017). The Symbiotic China-Russia Partnership: Cautious Riser and Desperate Challenger. Chinese Journal of International Politics, 299-329.
- Malashenko, A. (2013). The Fight for Influence: Russia in Central Asia. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
- Malik, M., Ganguly, S., Scobel, A., & Liow, J. C. (2010). The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. New York: Routledge.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2017). Pakistan's Membership of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Retrieved August 2, 2019, from Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Pakistan: http://www.mofa.gov.pk/pr-details.php
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2017, October 11). Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Afghanistan Contact Group Meeting. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs Government of Afghanistan: http://mfa.gov.af/en/news/shanghai-cooperation-organization-sco-afghanistan-contact-groupmeeting
- Mohan, R. C. (2003). Crossing the Rubicon: The Shaping of India's New Foreign Policy. New Delhi: Penguin.
- Moore, G. J. (2018). Bismarck or Wilhelm? China's Peaceful Rise vs. Its South China Sea Policy. Asian Perspective, 265-283.
- Naqvi, J. (2017, May 9). China Invites India to Join One-Belt-One-Road Project. Retrieved from Dawn: https://www.dawn.com/news/1331943
- Narlikar, A. (2007). All That Glitters Is Not Gold: India's Rise to Power. Third World Quarterly, 983-996
- Naseer, S. (2008). The Politics of IDPs: A Fallout of Politics of Domestic and Foreign Actors,
- Patil, S. (2015, May 14). OBOR and India's Security Concerns. Retrieved from Gateway House: http://www.gatewayhouse.in/security-implications-of-chinas-transnational-corridors/
- Patil, S. (n.d.). Press Information Bureau. (2018, August 24). Opening Ceremony Exercise SCO Peace Mission 2018. Retrieved from Press Information Bureau, Government of India: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=183039
- Purushothaman, U. (2015). The Russia-Pakistan Rapprochement: Should India Worry? New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation.
- Qadir, M. I., & Rehman, S. u. (2016). Expansion of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Harbinger of Regional Peace and Prosperity. Journal of Political Studies, 117-132.
- Roy, M. S. (2011). The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and India,
- Safiullin, A. (2014). The China and Central Asia Diplomatic Waltz: An Analysis of China's Methods in Interacting with Central Asian States. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
- Sahgal, A., & Anand, V. (2010). Reconnecting India and Central Asia: Emerging Security and Economic Dimensions . In N. Joshi, Strategic Environment in Central Asia and India (pp. 33-80). Singapore: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program.
- Sakhuja, V., & Jha, P. (2016). India and the South China Sea,
- Schaffer, T. C., & Schaffer, H. B. (2016). India at the Global High Table: The Quest for Regional Primacy and Strategic Autonomy. Washington DC.: Brookings Institution Press.
- Scott, D. (2008). The Great Power 'Great Game' Between India and China: 'The Logic of Geography'. Geopolitics, 1-26.
- Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. (2002). Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Shanghai: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
- Shanghai Cooperation Organization. (2001, June 15). Shanghai Cooperation Organization Sectariat. Retrieved August 1, 2019, from SECTSCO: http://eng.sectsco.org/load/203013/
- Stobdan, P. (2015, August 20). India's Accession to the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Retrieved August 1, 2019, from National Bureau of Asian Research: http://nbr.org/research/activity.aspx?id=595
- Stobdan, P. (2016, June 14). The SCO: India Enters Eurasia. Retrieved from IDSA: http://www.idsa.in/policybrief/sco-india-enters-eurasia_pstobdan_140616
- Trivedi, S. (2015, July 29). Energy Cooperation: The Shanghai Energy Club. Retrieved from Asia Times: http://www.asiatimes.com.au/energy-cooperation-the-shangai-energy-club/
- Wagner, C. (2016). The Role of India and China in South Asia. Strategic Analysis, 307-320.
- Wilson, J. L. (2015). Russia and China Respond to Soft Power: Interpretation and Readaptation of a Western Construct. Politics, 287-300.
- Wu, J. (2005). Will SCO Become Another Warsaw Pact? Economic and Political Weekly.
- Yousaf, K. (2016, May 27). Iran Offers Pakistan to Join Chabahar Port Deal. Retrieved from ExpressTribune: https://tribune.com.pk/story/1111479/iran-offers-pakistan-join-chabahar-port-deal/>/
- Yusufzai, R. (2011). Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations: A Pakistani Perspective. Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency, 16-18.
- Zhou, W., & Esteban, M. (2018). Beyond Balancing: China's Approach Towards the Belt and Road Initiative. Journal of Contemporary China, 1-15.
- Ziegler, C. E. (2010). Russia and China in Central Asia,
Cite this article
-
APA : Zab-Un-Nisa., Gul-e-Zahra., & Bokhari, S. W. A. (2020). The Expansion of Shanghai Cooperation Organization: How can it Improve India-Pakistan Relations?. Global Political Review, V(III), 150-159. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-III).15
-
CHICAGO : Zab-Un-Nisa, , Gul-e-Zahra, and Syed Waqas Ali Bokhari. 2020. "The Expansion of Shanghai Cooperation Organization: How can it Improve India-Pakistan Relations?." Global Political Review, V (III): 150-159 doi: 10.31703/gpr.2020(V-III).15
-
HARVARD : ZAB-UN-NISA., GUL-E-ZAHRA. & BOKHARI, S. W. A. 2020. The Expansion of Shanghai Cooperation Organization: How can it Improve India-Pakistan Relations?. Global Political Review, V, 150-159.
-
MHRA : Zab-Un-Nisa, , Gul-e-Zahra, and Syed Waqas Ali Bokhari. 2020. "The Expansion of Shanghai Cooperation Organization: How can it Improve India-Pakistan Relations?." Global Political Review, V: 150-159
-
MLA : Zab-Un-Nisa, , Gul-e-Zahra, and Syed Waqas Ali Bokhari. "The Expansion of Shanghai Cooperation Organization: How can it Improve India-Pakistan Relations?." Global Political Review, V.III (2020): 150-159 Print.
-
OXFORD : Zab-Un-Nisa, , Gul-e-Zahra, , and Bokhari, Syed Waqas Ali (2020), "The Expansion of Shanghai Cooperation Organization: How can it Improve India-Pakistan Relations?", Global Political Review, V (III), 150-159
-
TURABIAN : Zab-Un-Nisa, , Gul-e-Zahra, and Syed Waqas Ali Bokhari. "The Expansion of Shanghai Cooperation Organization: How can it Improve India-Pakistan Relations?." Global Political Review V, no. III (2020): 150-159. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V-III).15